Effects of using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) in the Diet of Swamp Buffaloes on Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Environment, Purine Derivatives, and Nitrogen Retention

Nguyen Thi  Kim Dong; Nguyen Van  Thu

doi:10.6000/1927-520X.2023.12.03

Authors

Nguyen Thi Kim Dong College of Applied Biology, Tay Do University, 68 Tran Chien Street, Le Binh Ward, Cai Rang District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
Nguyen Van Thu College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, 3-2 Street, Xuan Khanh Ward, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2023.12.03

Keywords:

Swamp buffalo, water plants, nutrition, microbial protein synthesis

Abstract

The present experiment aims to evaluate the effects of incremental levels of water hyacinth (WH) in Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) based on the diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention of growing swamp buffaloes. Four male buffaloes of 305 ± 8.40 kg were allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments were 25, 50, 75, and 100% WH (DM basis), replacing the Para grass (PG) corresponding to WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatment. Urea-molasses cake was used to supply the dietary crude protein intake so that this was 210 g/100 kg live weight per day for all the treatments (DM basis). The results showed that although the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments, these were numerically higher for the WH50 treatment. Especially in the daily ME intake (MJ/k g LW) was 39.1, 43.4, 41.7, and 39.9 for the WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatments, respectively. With 50% WH replacing PG in the diet, it gave potential for better nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and daily weight gain in the present study. In conclusion, WH could be used to replace PG in buffalo diet up to 100%. At a level of 50% replacement of WH to PG in the buffalo, the diet was optimum based on the utilization of nutrients and energy of WH, lower feed cost, and environmental improvement.

References

General Statistics Office. Statistical yearbook 2019. https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2020/09/ statistical-yearbook-2019/

Van Duc N. Current situation and research on buffaloes in Vietnam (Vietnamese) 2021. https://nhachannuoi.vn/tinh-hinh-chan-nuoi-va-nghien-cuu-con-trau-tai-viet-nam/

Van Phong L, Van Thu N. Effect of replacing fresh water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to rice straw diet on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and weight gain of Lai Sind cattle. Can Tho University Journal of Science (Special issue: Agriculture): 2019; 54: 49-53. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jsi.2018.094

Van Thu N, Dong NTK. The use of water hyacinth for improving metabolizable energy intake, nutrient digestibility, and economic return of local yellow cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 2020; 10: 42-47.

Van Thu N. Effects of water hyacinth silage in diet on feed intake, digestibility and rumen parameters of sheep in the Mekong delta. Journal of Science of CanTho University 2016; 2: 8-12. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.006

Thinh TT. Effect of water hyacinth levels on growth performance, digestibility, and economic return of the Guinea fowl. MSc thesis in Animal Science. Can Tho University 2010.

Van Thu N. Urea-molasses-based supplements for multipurpose buffaloes. PhD thesis 2000. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management. Sweden. ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-5796-3.

Nha PT, Van Thu N, Preston TR. Effects of different levels and sources of crude protein supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention in swamp buffaloes compared to local cattle. 2008. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 20, supplement. Retrieved February 16, 2023, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/supplement/ nha2.htm

AOAC. Official methods of analysis, 15th ed, Association of official analytical chemist, Washington, DC 1990.

Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3583-3598. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Bruinenberg MH, Valk H, Korevaar H, Struik PC. Factors affecting digestibility of temperate forages from semi-natural grasslands, ID TNO Animal Nutrition. Lelystad, Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop and Weed Ecology Group, Wageningen, and ‡Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2002.

McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA. Digestibility. Animal Nutrition. 6th ed., Longman Scientific and Technical, New York 2002; pp. 560-570.

Pirondini M, Malagutti L, Colombini S, Amodeo P, Crovetto GM. Methane yield from dry and lactating cows diets in the Po Plain (Italy) using an in vitro gas production technique. Ital J Anim Sci 2012; 11: 330-335. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e61

Chen XB, Kyle D, Orskov ER. Measurement of Allantoin in urine and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. Journal of Chromatography 1993; 617: 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(93)80494-O

Chen XB, Mathieson J, Hovell FD De B, Reeds PJ. Measurement of purine derivatives in urine of ruminants using automated methods. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1990; 53: 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740530104

Liang JB, Pimpa O, Abdullah N, Jelan ZA. Estimation of rumen microbial protein production from urinary purine derivatives in Zebu cattle and water buffalo, Nuclear Based Technologies For Estimating Microbial Protein Supply In Ruminant Livestock 1999; Iaea–Tecdoc–1093– 35-42. https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/30/033/ 30033607.pdf.

Minitab. Minitab reference manual 2010. Release 16.1.0 Minitab Inc.

Nigam JN. Bioconversion of water–hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) hemicellulose acid hydrolysate to motor fuel ethanol by xylose–fermenting yeast.. Biochemistry Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat, Assam 785 006, India 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00013-5

Dada A. The utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) by west African dwarf (wad) growing goats. Lagos State Polytechnic, P. O. Box 249, Ikorodu. Lagos State, Nigeria 2002.

Paengkoum S, Tatsapong P, Taethaisong N, Sorasak T, Purba RAP, Paengkoum P. Empirical Evaluation and Prediction of Protein Requirements for Maintenance and Growth of 18–24 Months Old Thai Swamp Buffaloes. Animals 2021; 11(5): 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051405

Wanapat M, Rowlinson P. Nutrition and feeding of swamp buffalo: feed resources and rumen approach, Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007; 6(Suppl 2): 67-73. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2007.s2.67

Chuyen NT. Effect of crude protein levels on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and rumen environment of swamp buffaloes (Vietnamese). Undergraduate thesis. Animal science. Can Tho university 2008.

Nocek JE, Russell JB. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production. J Dairy Sci 1988; 71: 2070-2107. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79782-9

Dewhurst RJ, Davies DR, Merry RJ. Microbial protein supply from the rumen. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000; 85: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00139-5

Nam NP. Effect of increasing energy in diets by ground corn on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen environment, and growth of female goats. MSc thesis (Vietnamese). Can Tho University 2020.