Influence of Dietary Cation-Anion Differences (DCAD) on Nutrient Intake, Milk Yield and Metabolic Parameters of Transition Buffaloes

Harneet  Kour; Ravinder Singh  Grewal; Prahlad  Singh; Jaspal Singh  Lamba; Jasmine  Kaur; Shashi  Nayyar

doi:10.6000/1927-520X.2024.13.02

Authors

Harneet Kour Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8033-5051
Ravinder Singh Grewal Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India
Prahlad Singh Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-7781
Jaspal Singh Lamba Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India
Jasmine Kaur Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India
Shashi Nayyar Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2024.13.02

Keywords:

Buffalo, dietary cation-anion balance, milk yield, hypocalcaemia, ketosis and transition period

Abstract

The study was divided into 2 phases. During 1^st phase, 20 pre-partum buffaloes were divided into two groups, given -100 (high negative; HN) and -50 (low negative; LN) mEq/kg of dry matter (DM) diets. In the second phase, +200 (low positive; LP) and +400 (high positive; HP) mEq/kg of DM diets were formulated for postpartum buffaloes. Buffaloes that received LN DCAD were divided into 2 groups (LN-LP and LN-HP), and those that received HN DCAD were also divided into 2 groups (HN-LP and HN-HP). In the first phase, the group fed the HN DCAD diet had significantly lesser DM, nutrient intake, and urine pH (p<0.05) but higher ME intake and ADF digestibility. Also, higher serum phosphorus levels (p<0.05), fewer cases of hypocalcemia and ketosis, and a relatively smaller decrease in body weight were reported with the HN group. In the second phase, DM, organic matter, and NDF intakes were higher (p<0.05) in HN-HP and LN-LP groups, whereas ME intake and nutrient digestibility were higher in HN-LP and LN-HP (p<0.05). Daily milk, solid not fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose yields, and plasma total protein, urea, and cholesterol concentrations were the highest in the HN-HP group (p<0.05), but the highest fat content and fat yield were recorded in the HN-LP group (p<0.05). Better efficiency of milk production and the lowest cases of hypocalcemia and ketosis were observed for both groups. In conclusion, for transition buffaloes, the HN and LN DCAD (-100 and +200 mEq/kg of DM, respectively) diets showed a beneficial impact.

References

Youssef MA, El-Khodery SA, El-deeb WM, El-Amaiem WE. Ketosis in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): clinical findings and the associated oxidative stress level. Trop Anim Health Pro 2010; 42: 1771-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9636-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9636-9

Shahzad MA, Sarwar M. Influence of varying dietary cation anion difference on serum minerals, mineral balance and hypocalcemia in Nili Ravi buffaloes. Livest Sci 2008a; 113(1): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.013

Charbonneau E, Pellerin D, Oetzel GR. Impact of lowering dietary cation-anion difference in nonlactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89(2): 537-48. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72116-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72116-6

Shire JA, Beede DK. DCAD revisited: Prepartum use to optimize health and lactational performance. Proceedings of the Southwest Dairy Nutrition and Management Conference 2013; 1-11.

Goff JP, Liesegang A, Horst RL. Diet-induced pseudohypoparathyroidism: A hypocalcemia and milk fever risk factor. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97(3): 1520-8. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7467

Razzaghi A, Aliarabi H, Tabatabaei MM, Saki AA, Valizadeh R, Zamani P. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference during prepartum and postpartum periods on performance, blood and urine minerals status of holstein dairy cow. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25(4): 486. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11325

ICAR. Handbook of Animal Husbandry (4th ed.). Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Government of India, New Delhi 2013; p. 43. ISBN: 9788171641369, 8171641369.

AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 2007. Gaithersburg.

Robertson JB, Van Soest PJ. The detergent system of analysis and its applications to human foods. The Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Food 1981; 123: 158.

SPSS. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences Version 21.0. SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA 2016.

Ridgman WJ. Statistical Methods, 8th edn, Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. 8th Edn IOWA State University Press. Ames, Iowa, USA. 1994. xx+ 503 pp. Ames: Iowa State University Press (1989). $44.95 (hard covers). ISBN 0 8138 1561 6. J Agric Sci 1990; 115(1): 153. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600074104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600074104

Anitha A, Rao KS, Suresh J, Moorthy PS, Reddy YK. A body condition score (BCS) system in Murrah buffaloes. Buffalo Bull 2011; 30(1): 79-96.

Kour H, Grewal TS, Lamba JS, Kaur J. Effect of varying levels of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on body condition score of transition buffaloes. Haryana Vet 2022; 61(SI-2): 141-143.

Shahzad MA, Sharif M, Nisa M, Sarwar M, Khalid MF, Saddiqi HA. Changing certain dietary cationic and anionic minerals: Impact on blood chemistry, milk fever and udder edema in buffaloes during winter. Afr J Biotechnol 2011; 10(62): 13651-63. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1832

El-Mashed SM, Metwally HM, Salama AM, Gado HM. Effect of dietary cation–anion differences (DCAD) on rumen fermentation, digestibility and milk production in Friesian dairy cows. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds 2015; 18(2 Special): 105-15. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejnf.2015.104429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejnf.2015.104429

Martins CM, Arcari MA, Welter KC, Gonçalves JL, Santos MV. Effect of dietary cation–anion difference on ruminal metabolism, total apparent digestibility, blood and renal acid–base regulation in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2016; 10(1): 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115001548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115001548

Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of energetic feed value obtained by chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev 1988; 28: 07-55.

Kour H, Grewal TS, Lamba JS, Kaur J, Nayyar S. Effect of Varying Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD) on in vitro Nutrient Digestibility. J Anim Res 2021; 11(04): 01-04. https://doi.org/10.30954/2277-940X.04.2021.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30954/2277-940X.04.2021.26

Shahzad MA, Sarwar M. Influence of altering dietary cation anion difference on milk yield and its composition by early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes in summer. Livest Sci 2008b; 113(2- 3): 133-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.002

Leno BM, Ryan CM, Stokol T, Kirk D, Zanzalari KP, Chapman JD, Overton TR. Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference on aspects of peripartum mineral and energy metabolism and performance of multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100(6): 4604-22. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12221

Melendez P, Bartolomé J, Roeschmann C, Soto B, Arevalo A, Möller J, Coarsey M. The association of prepartum urine pH, plasma total calcium concentration at calving and postpartum diseases in Holstein dairy cattle. Animal 2021; 15(3): 100148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2020.100148

Seifi HA, Mohri M, Farzaneh N, Nemati H, Nejhad SV. Effects of anionic salts supplementation on blood pH and mineral status, energy metabolism, reproduction and production in transition dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89(1): 72-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.01.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.01.013

Babir M, Atif FA, Rehman AU. Effect of pre-partum dietary cation-anion difference on the performance of transition Sahiwal cattle. JAPS: Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 2017; 27(6).

Zimpel R, Poindexter MB, Vieira-Neto A, Block E, Nelson CD, Staples CR, Thatcher WW, Santos JE. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on acid-base status and dry matter intake in dry pregnant cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101(9):

-75. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14748 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14748

Hu W, Kung Jr L, Murphy MR. Relationships between dry matter intake and acid–base status of lactating dairy cows as manipulated by dietary cation–anion difference. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007; 136(3-4): 216-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.09.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.09.013

Apper-Bossard E, Faverdin P, Meschy F, Peyraud JL. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference on ruminal metabolism and blood acid-base regulation in dairy cows receiving 2 contrasting levels of concentrate in diets. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93(9): 4196-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2975

Rodrigues RO, Cooke RF, Rodrigues SM, Bastos LN, de Camargo VF, Gomes KS, Vasconcelos JL. Reducing prepartum urine pH by supplementing anionic feed ingredients: Effects on physiological and productive responses of Holstein× Gir cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101(10): 9296-308. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14660 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14660

Lean IJ, Santos JE, Block E, Golder HM. Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference intake on production and health of dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102(3): 2103-33. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14769

Iwaniuk ME, Weidman AE, Erdman RA. The effect of dietary cation-anion difference concentration and cation source on milk production and feed efficiency in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98(3): 1950-60. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8704

Martinez N, Risco CA, Lima FS, Bisinotto RS, Greco LF, Ribeiro ES, Maunsell F, Galvão K, Santos JE. Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95(12): 7158-72. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5812 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5812