Childhood Hearing Loss in the Developing World
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2012.01.01.7Keywords:
Universal newborn hearing screening, paediatric hearing loss, early hearing detection and intervention, developing countries, early interventionAbstract
Globally, unidentified hearing loss is the largest and most significant childhood disability impacting on development. Of the babies born annually with hearing loss, 90% come from developing countries. Less than 2.5% of these babies will get hearing aids and less than 10% will ever have access to early intervention.
With the dearth of services available to this largely marginalized paediatric community, the EHDI pathway has been established with significant buy in from the World Bank, WHO and UNESCO. This paper will explore the EHDI pathway and how it is currently being implemented in the developing world.
References
Olusanya BO, Somefun AO, Swanepoel D. The need for standardization of methods for worldwide infant hearing screening: A systematic review. Laryngoscope 2008; 188: 1830-36.
World Health Organisation. Deafness and hearing impairment. 2008; Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/ index.html. Accessed August 25, 2012.
Swanepoel DW. Early intervention for hearing loss in South Africa: Cost benefits and current status. Ndiyeva Audiology Conference 2008.
Friderichs N, Swanepeol DW, Hall J. Efficacy of a community based infant hearing screening programme utilising existing clinical personnel in Western Cape, South Africa. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76(4): 552-59.
Olusanya BO, Emokpae A, Renner JK, Wirz SL. Costs and performance of early hearing detection programmes in Lagos, Nigeria. R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103: 179-86.
Swanepoel DW, Störbeck C. EHDI Africa: Advocating for infants with hearing loss in Africa. Int J Audiol 2008; 47(Suppl 1): S1-S2.
International Monetary Fund (IMF). World economic outlook: Growth resuming, dangers remain [Report on the internet]. IMF; 2012 [cited 2012 Sept 10]: Available from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/pdf/text.pdf
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Delivering results in a world of 7 billion: 2011 Annual Report [Report on the internet]. UNFPA; 2012 [cited 2012 Sept 10]: Available from: http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2012/16434%20UNFPA%20AR_FINAL_Ev11.pdf
Olusanya BO. Neonatal hearing screening and intervention in resource limited settings: an overview. Arch Dis Child 2012; 1-6.
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The state of the world's children. New York, NY: UNICEF 2011.
Olusanya BO, Newton VE. Global burden of childhood hearing impairment and disease control priorities for developing countries. Lancet 2007; 369(9569): 1314-17.
Hollenbeck L. Advocating for universal newborn hearing screening. Creative Nursing 2008; 14(2): 75-81.
Swanepoel D, Clark JL, Koekemoer D, et al. Telehealth in audiology: The need and potential to reach underserved communities. Int J Audiol 2010; 49: 95-201.
Nelson C. Young children with syndromes and other medical conditions. In: Watkins S, Taylor DJ, Pittman P, editors. SKI HI Curriculum. Volume 1. Logan, UT: Hope Inc 2004; pp. 1097-1118.
Kenneson A, Van Naarden BK, Boyle C. GJB2 (Connexin 26) variants and nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss: a HuGE review. Genet Med 2002; 4(4): 258-74.
Swanepoel D, Almec N. Maternal views on infant hearing loss and early intervention in a South African community. Int J Audiol 2008; 47(Suppl 1): S44-S48.
Winston C. Young Children with minimal, mild, unilateral and conductive hearing losses. In: Watkins S, Taylor DJ, Pittman P, editors. SKI HI Curriculum. Volume 1. Logan, UT: Hope Inc 2004; pp. 1043-1096.
Kaderavek JN, Pakulski LA. Minimal hearing loss is not minimal. Teaching exceptional children 2002; 34(6): 14-18.
Davis JM, Ed. Our forgotten children: Hard of hearing pupils in the schools. Bethesda, MD: SHHH Publications 2001.
Candlish PAM. Not deaf enough: Raising a child who is hard of hearing with hugs, humor and imagination. Washington DC: Alexander Graham Belll Association for the deaf 1996.
Kennedy C, McCann D, Campbell MJ, Kimm L, Thornton R. Universal newborn screening for permanent childhood hearing impairment: an 8 year follow-up of a control trial. Lancet 2005; 355: 660-62.
Yoshinaga-Itano C. Levels of evidence: Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) and early hearing detection and intervention systems (EHDI). J Commun Disord 2004; 37: 451-65.
Storbeck C, Pittman P. Early Intervention in South Africa: Moving beyond hearing screening. Int J Audiol 2008; 47(Suppl 1): S36-S37-S43.
Morton CC, Nance WE. Newborn hearing screening - a silent revolution. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2151-64.
Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey A, Coulter DK, Mehl AL. Language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics 1998; 102: 1161-1162-1171.
Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH). Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Year 2007 Position Statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention. Pediatrics 2007; 120: 898-921.
Global coalition of parents of children who are deaf and hard of hearing (GPOD). Position statement and recommendations for family support in the development of newborn hearing screening systems and early hearing detection and intervention systems worldwide [Position statement on the internet]. GPOD; 2010 [cited 2012 Sept 10]: Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/gpodhh/Home/position_statement
Young A, Tattersall H. Universal newborn hearing screening and early identification of deafness: Parents responses to knowing early and their expectations of child communication development. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 2007; 12(2): 209-20.
Young A. The impact of a cultural-linguistic model of deafness on hearing parents’ adjustment to a deaf child. J Soc Work Pract 1999; 13: 172-75.
World Health Organisation (WHO). Primary ear and hearing care training manuals. WHO; 2006 [cited 2012 Sept 10]: Available from: http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/ hearing_care/en/index.html
Andrade V, Ross E. Beliefs and practices of Black South African traditional healers regarding hearing impairment. Int J Audiol 2005; 44: 489-99.
Mohr PE, Feldman JJ, Dunbar JL, et al. The Societal costs of severe to profound hearing loss in the United States. Int J Technol Assess 2000; 16: 1120-35.
Theunissen M, Swanepoel DW. Early hearing detection and intervention services in the public health sector in South Africa. Int J Audiol 2008; 47(Suppl 1): S23-S29.
Health Professional Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Professional board for speech, language and hearing profession: Early hearing detection and intervention programmes in South Africa Position Statement. Pretoria: HPCSA 2007.
Gauteng Department of Health and Social Services. Gauteng provincial neonatal and infant hearing screening clinical guideline for use in the public sector. Johannesburg: Gauteng Department of Health and Social Services 2011.
McPherson B, Olusanya BO. Screening for hearing loss in developing countries. In: McPherson B, Brouilette R, editors. Audiology in developing countries. New York: Nova Science Publishers 2008; pp. 75-105.
Meyer EM, Swanepoel D. Newborn hearing screening in the private health sector – a national survey. S Afr Med J 2011; 101(9): 665-67.
Russ SA, White K, Dougherty D, Forsman I. Preface: Newborn hearing screening in the United States: Historical
perspectives and future directions. Pediatrics 2010; 126: S3-S6.
National Health System. NHS Newborn Hearing Screening Programme: 2010-11 Annual Report and 2009-10 Data Report. London: NHS 2011.
Swanepoel DW, Storbeck C, Friedland P. Early hearing detection and intervention in South Africa. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73(6): 783-86.
Swanepeol DW, Louw B, Hugo R. A novel service delivery model for infant hearing screening in developing countries. Int J Audiol 2007; 46: 321-27.
Fagan JJ, Jacobs M. Survey of ENT services in Africa: need for a comprehensive intervention. Global Health Action 2009; 1-7.
Goulios H, Patuzzi RB. Audiology education and practice from an international perspective. Int J Audiol 2008; 46(4): 647-64.
Moodley S, Storbeck C. The role of the neonatal nurse in early hearing detection and intervention in South Africa. Prof Nurs Today 2012; 16(4): 28-31.
Olusanya BO. Making targeted screening for infant hearing loss an effective option in less developed countries. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75: 316-21.
Arehart KH, Yoshinaga-Itano C, Thomson V, Gabbard SA, Stredler Brown A. The status of universal newborn hearing screening, assessment, and intervention systems in 16 states. Am J Audiol 1998; 7: 101-14.
Olusanya BO, Swanepoel D, Chapchap MJ, et al. Progress toward early detection services for infants with hearing loss in developing countries. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7: 14-28.
World Health Organisation (WHO). Preventing chronic diseases - a vital investment [Report on the internet]. WHO; 2005 [cited 10 September]: Available from: http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/en/
Moeller MP. Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics 2000; 106(3): E43.
Yoshinaga-Itano C. From Screening to early identification and intervention: Discovering predictors to successful outcomes for children with significant hearing loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 2003; 8(1): 11-12-30.
Guralnick MJ. Why early intervention works: A systems perspective. Infant Young Child 2011; 24(1): 6-28.
Marschark M. Language development in children who are deaf: A research synthesis. Alexandria, VA: Project FORUM at National Association of State Directors of Special Education 2001.
Brouillette R. Rehabilitation of hearing loss: challenges and opportunities in developing countries. In: McPherson B, Brouilette R, editors. Audiology in Developing Countries New York: Nova Science Publishers 2008; pp. 141-153.
Borg J, Lindstrom A, Larsson S. Assistive technology in developing countries: National and international responsibilities to implement the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Lancet 2009; 374: 1863-65.
McPherson B. Innovative technology in hearing instruments: Matching needs in the developing world. Trends in Amplif 2011; 15(4): 209-14.
Yoshinaga-Itano C, Thomson V. The work of the village: Creating a new world for children with hearing loss and their families. Int J of Audiol 2008; 47(Suppl 1): S14-S22.
Carpenter B. The impetus for family-centred early childhood intervention. Child Care Hlth Dev 2007; 33(6): 664-69.
Yoshinaga-Itano C, Arehart KH. The role of educators of the deaf in the early identification of hearing loss. Am Ann Deaf 1999; 144: 19-23.
Watkins S, Taylor DJ, Pittman P, eds. SKI HI Curriculum. Logan, UT: Hope Incorporated 2004.
American Speech-Language Hearing Association. Guidelines for audiologists providing informational and adjustment counseling to families of infants and young children with hearing loss birth to five years of age. Rockville, MD: ASHA 2008.
Young A, Carr G, Hunt R, McCracken W, Skipp A, Tattersall H. Informed choice and deaf Children: Underpinning concepts and enduring challenges. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 2006; 11(3): 322-36.
van der Spuy T, Pottas L. Infant hearing loss in South Africa: Age of intervention and parental needs for support. Int J Audiol 2008; 47: S30-S35.
World Health Organisation (WHO). Deafness and hearing impairment. Geneva: WHO 2010.
World Bank. World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development [Report on the internet]. World Bank; 2005 [cited 2012 Sept 10]: Available from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2006/Resources/WDR_on_Equity_FinalOutline_July_public.pdf
McCarthy M, Munoz K, White KR. Teleintervention for infants and young children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Pediatrics 2010; 126: S52-S58.
Nagapoornima P, Ramesh A, Srilakshmi RS, et al. Universal hearing screening. Indian J Pediatr 2007; 74: 545-49.
Storbeck C, Edley L, Moodley S. HI HOPES: 5 year review. 2012.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
