Early Detection of Allergy Symptoms in Children and Adolescents, Characteristics of Possible Pathogens, Pre-Treatment Prevention Measures (in Poland)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2024.13.02.1Keywords:
Atopy, immunoglobulin E, allergisation, asthma, sensitization, allergensAbstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the main allergens and signs of the onset of allergic diseases and explore methods of prevention that do not include medicines.
Methods: Non-parametric statistical methods were used. A retrospective study was conducted, which included 270 case histories. The average age of the patients was 19 (12.5; 40.1) years, 127 (47%) were men and 143 (53%) were women. Clinical diagnoses, early symptoms, allergen spectrum, and treatment recommendations provided by doctors were analyzed. It was established that the early signs of allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis are nasal congestion, runny nose, and lacrimation, and the onset of atopic dermatitis is -characterized by dry and itchy skin.
Results: Allergy to triggers from one group was present in 136 (50.4%) patients, irritants from two groups – in 95 (35.2%) patients, and irritants from three groups – in 39 (14.4%) patients. Polish doctors advised patients to limit their exposure to allergens but did not give recommendations for concrete actions.
Conclusion: The results of the study can be used to help in the identification of the most common symptoms of allergic diseases and allergens, which is vital for the early diagnosis of this pathology by clinicians.
References
Samoliński B, Fronczak A, Kuna P, Akdis CA, Anto JM, et al. Prevention and control of childhood asthma and allergy in the EU from the public health point of view: Polish Presidency of the European Union. Allergy 2012; 67(6): 726-731. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02822.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02822.x
Mazur M, Czarnobilska M, Dyga W, Czarnobilska E. Trends in the epidemiology of allergic diseases of the airways in children growing up in an urban agglomeration. J Clinic Med 2022; 11(8): 2188. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082188
Bozek A, Jarzab J. Epidemiology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases in elderly patients in Poland. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27(5): e140-e145. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3920 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3920
Krzych-Fałta E, Furmańczyk K, Piekarska B, Tomaszewska A, Sybilski A, Samoliński BK. Allergies in urban versus countryside settings in Poland as part of the Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases in Poland (ECAP) study – Challenge the early differential diagnosis. Advan Dermat Allerg 2016; 33(5): 359-368. https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2016.61338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2016.61338
World Health Organization. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health
Nazar W, Niedoszytko M. Air pollution in Poland: A 2022 narrative review with a focus on respiratory diseases. Int J Env Res Public Health 2022; 19(2): 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020895 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020895
Kuśmierek M, Chęsy A, Krogulska A. Diet diversity during infancy and the prevalence of sensitization and allergy in children up to 3 years of age in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, Poland. Clinic Pediat 2024; 63(3): 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231175469 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231175469
Krzych-Fałta E, Lisiecka-Biełanowicz M, Furmańczyk K, Dziewa-Dawidczyk D, Stróżek J, et al. Prevention of perennial allergic rhinitis in the conception of coordinated healthcare in Poland. Archiv Med Sci: AMS 2022; 18(6): 1475-1487. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/110155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/110155
Wojas O, Krzych-Fałta E, Lisiecka-Biełanowicz M, Furmañczyk K, Dziewa-Dawidczyk D, Samoliñski B. Asthma as a social problem requiring systemic solutions in Poland. Advan Dermat Allerg 2022; 39(5): 928-933. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2021.112743 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2021.112743
Raciborski F, Samoliński B, Krzych-Fałta E, Grąbczewska A, Furman F, et al. The nationwide program of allergic disease prevention as an implementation of GARD guidelines in Poland. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10(9): 5595-5604. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.08.97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.08.97
Ansotegui IJ, Melioli G, Canonica GW, Caraballo L, Villa E, et al. IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper. World Allergy Org J 2020; 13(2): 100080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080
Small P, Keith PK, Kim H. Allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Clinic Immunol 2018; 14(Supplement 2): 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0280-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0280-7
Akhouri S, House SA. Allergic rhinit. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
Seol HY, Sohn S, Liu H, Wi CI, Ryu E, et al. Early identification of childhood asthma: The role of informatics in an era of electronic health records. Front Pediat 2019; 7: 113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00113
Chakraborty RK, Basnet S. Status asthmaticus. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
Kini S, Kalal BS, Chandy S, Shamsundar R, Shet A. Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Southern India. World J Clinic Pediatr 2019; 8(2): 33-42. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v8.i2.33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v8.i2.33
Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, immunity, and infection: Nutrition and viral respiratory tract infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 841532. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532
Kaplan A, Szefler SJ, Halpin DMG. Impact of comorbid conditions on asthmatic adults and children. NPJ Primary Care Respirat Med 2020; 30: 36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-020-00194-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-020-00194-9
Ullmann N, Mirra V, Di Marco A, Pavone M, Porcaro F, et al. Asthma: Differential diagnosis and comorbidities. Front Pediatr 2018; 6: 276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00276
Gherasim A, Dao A, Bernstein JA. Confounders of severe asthma: Diagnoses to consider when asthma symptoms persist despite optimal therapy. World Allergy Org J 2018; 11: 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-018-0207-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40413-018-0207-2
Nwaru BI, Hickstein L, Panesar SS, Roberts G, Muraro A, et al. Prevalence of common food allergies in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy 2014; 69(8): 992-1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12423
Krupka-Olek M, Bożek A, Kawczyk-Krupka A. The immunological and allergen profiles of patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Med 2022; 58(3): 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030367
Sztandera-Tymoczek M, Szuster-Ciesielska A. Fungal aeroallergens – The impact of climate change. J Fungi 2023; 9(5): 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9050544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9050544
Nnadi NE, Carter DA. Climate change and the emergence of fungal pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17(4): e1009503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009503
Noriega DB, Savelkoul HFJ. Vitamin D and allergy susceptibility during gestation and early life. Nutr 2021; 13(3): 1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031015
Woon FC, Chin YS, Ismail IH, Abdul Latiff AH, Batterham M, et al. Maternal vitamin D levels during late pregnancy and risk of allergic diseases and sensitization during the first year of life – A birth cohort study. Nutr 2020; 12(8): 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082418
Fanni D, Gerosa C, Nurchi VM, Manchia M, Saba L, et al. The role of magnesium in pregnancy and in fetal programming of adult diseases. Bio Trace Elem Res 2021; 199: 3647-3657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02513-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02513-0
Chiang KV, Hamner HC, Li R, Perrine CG. Timing of introduction of complementary foods – United States, 2016-2018. MMWR Morbid Mortal Week Rep 2023; 69(53): 1969-1973.
http://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6953a1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6953a1
Harrison L, Padhani Z, Salam R, Oh C, Rahim K, et al. Dietary strategies for complementary feeding between 6 and 24 months of age: The evidence. Nutr 2023; 15(13): 3041. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133041
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .