Managing Hazardous Municipal Wastewater: A Membrane-Integrated Hybrid Approach for Fast and Effective Treatment in Low Temperature Environment

Authors

  • Parimal Pal Environmental and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, 713209, India
  • Iyman Abrar Environmental and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, 713209, India
  • Ramesh Kumar Environmental and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, 713209, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2015.04.02.3

Keywords:

Municipal wastewater, Low temperature treatment, Central composite design, membrane filtration., Fenton’s treatment

Abstract

Protection of natural water resources like lakes from the onslaught of hazardous municipal wastewater is often a challenge particularly in the cold regions. For treatment of enormous quantity of municipal wastewater, biological treatment is normally adopted but high COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) of such wastewater turns biological treatment slow and difficult. At low temperature environment, effective treatment of such municipal wastewater becomes extremely difficult due to weakened microbial activities. The present study was carried out with a hybrid approach comprising chemical treatment and membrane separation under psychrophilic conditions. Well–known Fenton’s treatment was adopted under response surface optimized conditions that helped recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as value–added struvite fertilizer or magnesium ammonium phosphate (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O). The optimal COD removal was found to be 96% at a low temperature of 15oC and pH of 6.3 using Fe2+/H2O2 ratio of 0.10 and of H2O2 1.9 g/l with reaction time of 2 h. Down–stream purification of the struvite-free water by microfiltration and nanofiltration largely fouling–free flat sheet cross flow membrane modules ultimately turned the treated water reusable through reduction of dissolved solids, conductivity and salinity.

References

Sperling MV, Freire VH, Chernicharo CAL. Performance evaluation of a UASB - activated sludge system treating municipal wastewater. Water Science and Technology 2001; 43(11): 323-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0698

Luca GD, Sacchetti R, Leoni E, Zanetti F. Removal of indicator bacteriophages from municipal wastewater by a full-scale membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge process: Implications to water reuse. Bioresource Technology 2013; 129: 526-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.113

Lin SH, Cheng KW. A new sequencing batch reactor for treatment of municipal sewage wastewater for agricultural reuse. Desalination 2001; 133: 41-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00081-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00081-9

Guo JH, Peng YZ, Wang SY, Zheng YN, Huang HJ, Ge SJ. Effective and robust partial nitrification to nitrite by real-time aeration duration control in an SBR treating domestic wastewater. Process Biochemistry 2009; 44: 979-985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.022

Chu L, Li S. Filtration capability and operational characteristics of dynamic membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Separation and Purification Technology 2006; 51: 173-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.01.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.01.009

Monclus H, Sipma J, Ferrero G, Roda IR, Comas J. Biological nutrient removal in an MBR treating municipal wastewater with special focus on biological phosphorus removal. Bioresource Technology 2010; 101: 3984-3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.038

Lin H, Chen J, Wang F, Ding L, Hong H. Feasibility evaluation of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal secondary wastewater treatment. Desalination 2011; 280: 120-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.058

Chon K, Cho J, Shon HK. Fouling characteristics of a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation. Bioresource Technology 2013; 130: 239-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.007

Devi R, Dahiya RP. COD and BOD removal from domestic wastewater generated in decentralized sectors. Bioresource Technology 2008; 99: 344-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.017

Guida M, Mattei M, Rocca CD, Melluso G, Meric S. Optimization of alum-coagulation/flocculation for COD and TSS removal from five municipal wastewater. Desalination 2007; 211: 113-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.086

Ismail IM, Fawzy AS, Monem NMA, Mahmoud MH, El-Halwany MA. Combined coagulation flocculation pre-treatment unit for municipal wastewater. Journal of Advanced Research 2012; 3: 331-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2011.10.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2011.10.004

Zhang G, Qin L, Meng Q, Fan Z, Wu D. Aerobic SMBR/reverse osmosis system enhanced by Fenton oxidation for advanced treatment of old municipal landfill leachate. Bioresource Technology 2013; 142: 261-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.006

Bautista P, Mohedano AF, Gilarranz MA, Casas JA, Rodriguez JJ. Application of Fenton oxidation to cosmetic

wastewaters treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2007; 143: 128-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.004

Badawy MI, Wahaab RA, El-Kalliny AS. Fenton-biological treatment processes for the removal of some pharmaceuticals from industrial wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009; 167: 567-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.023

Ahmadi M, Vahabzadeh F, Bonakdarpour B, Mofarrah E, Mehranian M (2005) Application of the central composite design and response surface methodology to the advanced treatment of olive oil processing wastewater using Fenton’s peroxidation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2005; 123: 187-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.042

Song YH, Qiu GL, Yuan P, Cui XY, Peng JF, Zeng P, Duan L, Xiang LC, Qian F. Nutrients removal and recovery from anaerobically digested swine wastewater by struvite crystallization without chemical additions. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011; 190: 140-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.015

Capdevielle A, Sykorova E, Biscans B, Beline F, Daumer ML. Optimization of struvite precipitation in synthetic biologically treated swine wastewater-Determination of the optimal process parameters. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2013; 244-245: 357-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.054

Wu Y, Zhou S. Improving the prediction of ammonium nitrogen removal through struvite precipitation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2012; 19: 347-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0520-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0520-6

Kumar R, Pal P. A membrane-integrated advanced scheme for treatment of industrial wastewater: Dynamic modeling towards scale up. Chemosphere 2013a; 92: 1375-1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.006

Bunani S, Yorukoglu E, Sert G, Yuksel U, Yuksel M, Kabay N. Application of nanofiltration for reuse of municipal wastewater and quality analysis of product water. Desalination 2013; 315: 33-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.015

Zeng S, Chen J, Fu P. Strategic Zoning for Urban Wastewater Reuse in China. Water Resources Management 2008; 22: 1297-1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-007-9226-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-007-9226-4

Kumar R, Bhakta P, Chakraborty S, Pal P. Separating cyanide from coke wastewater by cross flow Nanofiltration. Separation Science and Technology 2011; 46: 2119-2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.594479 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.594479

Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD (ed). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, twentieth edn. American Public Health Association (APHA), AWWA, WEF, Washington DC, USA; 1998.

Myers RH, Montgomery DC. Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, first edn. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York; 1995.

Hameed BH, Tan IAW, Ahmed AL. Optimization of basic dye removal by oil palm fiber based activated carbon using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008; 158: 324-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.088

Beg Q, Sahai V, Gupta R. Statistical media optimization and alkaline protease production from Bacillus mojavensisin a bioreactor. Process Biochemistry 2003; 39: 203-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00064-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00064-5

Doyle JD, Parsons SA. Struvite formation, control and recovery. Water Resource 2002; 36(16): 3925-3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00126-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00126-4

Teixeira MR, Rosa SM, Sousa V. Natural organic matter and disinfection by-products formation potential in water treatment. Water Resources Management 2011; 25: 3005-3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9795-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9795-0

Braghetta A, DiGiano FA, Ball WP. Nanofiltration of natural organic matter: pH and ionic strength effects. Journal of Environmental Engineering 1997; 123: 628-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(628) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(628)

Kumar R, Pal P. Turning hazardous waste into value-added products: production and characterization of struvite from ammoniacal waste with new approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production 2013b; 43: 59-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.001

Chakrabortty S, Roy M, Pal P. Removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater by cross flow nanofiltration: Transport modeling and economic evaluation. Desalination 2013; 313: 115-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.021

Roy M and Chakraborty S. Developing a sustainable water resource management strategy for a fluoride-affected area: a contingent valuation approach. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2014; 16: 341-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0624-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0624-4

Downloads

Published

2015-06-08

How to Cite

Pal, P., Abrar, I., & Kumar, R. (2015). Managing Hazardous Municipal Wastewater: A Membrane-Integrated Hybrid Approach for Fast and Effective Treatment in Low Temperature Environment. Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 4(2), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2015.04.02.3

Issue

Section

Articles