A Feedback Linearization Based Nonlinear Control Approach for Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Afef Fekih; Abdullah Al Shehri

doi:10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.01.11

Authors

Afef Fekih University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA
Abdullah Al Shehri University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2013.02.01.11

Keywords:

Wind turbine, feedback linearization, induction motors, variable speed.

Abstract

This paper describes the design and implementation of a nonlinear control strategy for the control of the shaft speed of wind turbine systems. The proposed approach is based on input-output linearization techniques. Because wind turbine systems are highly nonlinear, feedback linearization constitutes a suitable optimal control design for those systems. Further, Electromechanical systems in general are good candidates for nonlinear control applications because the nonlinearities, being modeled on the basis of physical principles, are often significant and exactly known.

The underlying design objective is to endow the wind turbine with high performance dynamics while maximizing power extraction when the wind turbine operates in the partial load regime. In addition to fulfilling the aforementioned control objectives, our control design aims to reduce the complexity of the control scheme, saving thereby the computation time of the control algorithm, which is an improvement over previous work found in the technical literature.

Application of the proposed approach to an induction generator based variable speed wind turbine has led to optimum operations and maximization of power extraction when the wind turbine operates in the partial load regime.

References

Ackermann T. Wind Power in Power Systems. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119941842 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119941842

The World Wind Energy Association. 2012 Half year report [homepage on the Internet]. Available from: http://www.windea.org; 2012.

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [homepage on the Internet]. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=18084

Pao LY, Johnson KE. Control of wind turbines, approaches, challenges and recent developments. IEEE Control Systems Magazine 2011; 44-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2010.939962

Burton T, Jenkins N, Sharpe D, Bossanyi E. Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119992714 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119992714

Munteanu J, Bratcu A, Cutululis N, Ceaga E. Optimal Control of Wind Energy Systems: Towards a global Approach. Springer-Verlag Berlin 2008.

Leonard W. Control of Electrical Drives, 3rd ed. Springer 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56649-3

Fekih A. An Alternative Strategy for Field Oriented Control. Proc. of the 2006 American Control Conference ACC 06, pp.2748-2753, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, June 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2006.1656639

Isidori A. Nonlinear Control Systems. Communications and Control Engineering Series. Berlin:Springer-Verlag 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02581-9

Roozbahani S, Abbaszadeh K, Torabi M. Sensorless maximum wind energy capture based on input-output linearization and sliding mode control. IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation 2011; pp. 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0198 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0198

Delfino F, Pampararo F, Procopio R, Rossi M. A Feedback Linearization Control Scheme for the Integration of Wind Energy Conversion Systems into Distribution Grids. IEEE Syst J 2012; 6(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2011.2163002

Molina MG, Mercado PE. Modelling and Control Design of Pitch-Controlled Variable Speed Wind Turbines. In: Wind Turbines, Al-Bahadly I, Ed. 1st ed. InTech, Vienna, Austria 2011.

Fekih A. Effective Fault Tolerant Control Design for a Class of Nonlinear Systems: Application to a Class of Motor Control. IET Control Theory Appl 2008; 2(9): 762-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta:20070090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta:20070090

Lei Y, Mullane A, Lightbody G, Yacamini R. Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies. IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion 2006; 21(1): 257-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2005.847958 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2005.847958

Esbensen T, Sloth C, Niss MO, Thorarins BJ. Joint Power and Speed Control of Wind Turbines. Technical report, Aborg University, Department of Electronic Systems 2008.

De Battista H, Mantz RJ, Christiansen CF. Dynamical sliding mode power control of wind driven induction generators. IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion 2000; 15(4): 451-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.900507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/60.900507

Tan K, Islam S. Optimum control strategies in energy conversion PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensors, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion 2004; 19(2): 392-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2004.827038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2004.827038

Guo Y, Husseini SH, Jiang JN, Tang CY. Voltage/Pitch Control for Maximization and Regulation of Active/Reactive Powers in Wind Turbines with Uncertainties. Proc IEEE Conference Decision Control 2010; 3956-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2006.1636311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2010.5716987

Johnson KE, Pao LY, Balas MJ, Fingersh LJ. Control of variable speed-speed wind turbines: standard and adaptive techniques for maximizing energy capture. IEEE Control Systems Magazine 2006; 26(3): 70-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2006.1636311

Fekih A. An Improved Optimal Control Design for Wind Energy Systems, Proc of IEEE Green Technologies Conference 2012; pp.1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/GREEN.2012.6200927

Vepa R. N Nonlinear Optimal Control of wind turbine generators. IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion 2011; 26(2): 468-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2010.2087380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2010.2087380