hooking up a 4 way switch

Robert Livingston Stevens is credited with the invention of the rail spike, [6] the first recorded use of which was in A rail spike is roughly chisel-shaped and with a flat edged point; the spike is driven with the edge perpendicular to the grain, which gives greater resistance to loosening.

When attaching tie plates the attachment is made as strong as possible, whereas when attaching a rail to tie or tie plate the spike is not normally required to provide a strong vertical force, allowing the rail some freedom of movement. Chair screws are screwed hooking up a 4 way switch a hole bored in the sleeper.

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The fang bolt is a source inserted through a hole in the sleeper with a fanged nut that bites into the lower surface of the sleeper. For fastening flat-bottomed rails, an upper-lipped washer can be used to grip the edge of the rail. They are more resistant to loosening by vibrations and movement of the rail.

The spring spike holds the rail down and prevents tipping and also secures the baseplate to the sleeper. Machines that remove spikes are called spike pullers.

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When inserted into the chair, exposure to the wet atmosphere caused the key to expand, firmly holding the rail. In Britain they were usually on the outside. However, in Britain, bullhead rail-and-chairs remained in use until the middle of the twentieth century.

The tie plate increases bearing area and holds the rail to correct gauge. They are fastened to wooden ties by means of spikes or bolts through holes in the plate. The part of the plate under the rail base is tapered, setting the cant of the rail, an inward rotation from the vertical. The usual slope is one in forty 1. The top surface of the plate has one or two shoulders that fit against the edges of the base of the rail. The double-shoulder type is currently used.

Older single-shoulder types were adaptable for various rail widths, with the single shoulder positioned on the outside field side of the rails. Most plates are slightly wider on the field side, without which the plates tend to cut more into the outsides of the tie, reducing cant angle. Many railways use large wood screwsalso called lag screws, to fasten the tie plates or baseplates to the railroad ties. Tie plates came into use around the yearbefore which time flanged T rail was spiked directly to the go here. Clips[ edit ] A variety of different types of heavy-duty clips are used to fasten the rails to the underlying baseplate, one common one being the Pandrol hooking up a 4 way switch Pandrol clipnamed after its maker, which is shaped like a stubby paperclip.

The newer Pandrol fastclip is applied at right angles to the rail. Because the clip is captive, it has to be installed at the time of manufacture of the concrete sleeper. Rail anchors[ edit ] Rail anchors, also called anticreepers, are spring steel clips that attach to the underside of the rail baseplate and bear against the sides of the sleepers to prevent longitudinal movement of the rail, either from changes in temperature or through vibration. Anchors may be attached and removed either by hand with hammers, or by an anchor hooking up a 4 way switch. Rail fastening types Rail spike with baseplate above the tie Track joint and chairs.]

Hooking up a 4 way switch Video

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