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Etymology[ edit ] Ellora, also called Verul or Elura, is the short form of the ancient name Elloorpuram. Ellora occupies a relatively flat rocky region of the Western Ghatswhere ancient volcanic activity had created multilayered basalt formations, known as the Deccan Traps.

The volcanic activity that formed the west-facing cliff that houses the Ellora caves occurred during the Cretaceous period. The resulting vertical face made access to many layers of rock formations easier, enabling architects to pick basalt with finer grains for more detailed sculpting. However, the overlapping styles between the Buddhist, Hindu and Jain caves has made it difficult to establish agreement concerning the chronology of their source.

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The broad consensus that has emerged is based on comparing the carving styles at Ellora to other cave temples in the Deccan region that have been dated, textual records of various dynasties, and epigraphical evidence found at various archaeological sites near Ellora and elsewhere in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. However, it is considered likely that some of the earliest caves, such as Cave 29 Hinduwere built by the Shiva -inspired Kalachuri dynasty, while the Buddhist caves were 100 free dating sites near me by the Chalukya dynasty. Nine cave temples were excavated early in the 6th century, [23] [24] followed by a further four caves caves 17— Work first commenced, in order, on Caves 28, 27 and 19 then Caves 29 and 21, which were excavated concurrently with Caves 20 and Caves 17 and 28 were the last ones to be started. These click caves were generally dedicated to the Hindu god Shivaalthough the iconography suggests that the artisans gave other gods and goddesses of Hinduism prominent and equal reverence.

A common feature of these cave temples was a rock-cut linga-yoni within the core of the shrine with each being surrounded by a space for circumambulation parikrama.

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Cave 29, also called Dhumar Lena, is one of earliest excavations in Ellora and among the largest. The cave was completed prior to the ascension of Rashtrakuta dynasty which went on to expand the caves at Ellora [3] Although the cave features similar works to those in other Ellora caves, it also has a number of unique pieces, such as those depicting the story of goddess Parvati's pursuit of Shiva. Carvings depicting Parvati and Shiva at leisure, Parvati's wedding to Shiva, Shiva dancing and Kartikeya Skanda have been found in other caves.

The entrance to Cave 21 is flanked by large sculptures of the goddesses Ganga and Yamuna representing the two major Himalayan rivers and their significance to the Indian culture.]

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