Bovine Tuberculosis Testing in Colombia: Comparative Histopathological, Microbiological, and Molecular Biology Findings

Paula Palomino  Cadavid; Dubel Ignacio  Balvin; Rafael Villarreal  Julio; Enderson Murillo  Ramos; Jesus Berdugo  Gutierrez; Jhon Didier Ruiz  Buitrago; Rene Ramirez  Garcia

doi:10.6000/1927-520X.2024.13.06

Authors

Paula Palomino Cadavid Research Group in Animal Sciences (INCA-CES), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
Dubel Ignacio Balvin Research Group in Animal Sciences (INCA-CES), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
Rafael Villarreal Julio Research Group PECET, Study and Control Program for Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia and Biotech Molecular Research Group, Molecular, Genetic and Computational Biology Unit, Medellin Colombia
Enderson Murillo Ramos Research Group LIME Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
Jesus Berdugo Gutierrez Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Orinoquia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Orinoquia Arauca, Arauca, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1556-6387
Jhon Didier Ruiz Buitrago Research Group in Animal Sciences (INCA-CES), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
Rene Ramirez Garcia Research Group in Animal Sciences (INCA-CES), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, CES University, Medellin, Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-520X.2024.13.06

Keywords:

Microbiological isolation, Bubalus bubalis, DPP, Histopathology, Mycobacterium bovis, PCR HRM

Abstract

Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease present in Colombia, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and causes tuberculosis in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis through the intradermal test is difficult; evaluating and understanding the behavior of other diagnostic tests is necessary.

Objective: To describe the behavior and results of different diagnostic methods for bovine tuberculosis in water buffalo positive for the Purifed Proteic Derivate (DPP) intradermal test.

Methodology: In water buffaloes positive for comparative cervical tuberculin test, different diagnostic methods were applied, described, and compared: Ziehl-Neelsen staining, microbiological culture, histopathological analysis, and PCR-HRM.

Results: Histopathological tests showed that 26 water buffalo positive for DPP (52%) had histological lesions compatible with bovine tuberculosis. 37% of the evaluated samples from tuberculin-positive Buffalo's lungs and secondary lymph nodes showed acid-alcohol-resistant bacillus with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Four samples of Mycobacterium bovis from tuberculin-positive buffalo were isolated and identified, with two of these isolates confirmed from tissues with PCR-HRM, and three buffalo with microbiological isolates presented granulomatous lesions through histological analysis. Seventeen tuberculin-positive buffalo (34%) tested positive for real-time PCR HRM, and nine of these buffalo did not have histological lesions compatible with bTB and were confirmed with the molecular test.

Conclusion: Our results provide positive evidence of histological findings, microbiological isolation, and molecular diagnosis of tuberculin-positive water buffalo in the lowlands of Colombia. None of the complementary tests performed showed 100% concordance with the comparative cervical tuberculin test results for bTB.

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