Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Prolonging the Life of Micropunch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.02.5Keywords:
Carbon nanotubes, micropunch, wear characteristic, WC/CoAbstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated on the WC/Co micropunch with diameter in 150 μm for prolonging the life of micropunch was investigated. Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by homemade method. With scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphology and structure of CNTs had been expressed. After the punching test with Ti as substrate, the effect of CNTs for prolonging the life of micropunch on the wear loss and the surface morphology of micropunch had been studied by confocal laser, SEM, digital balance etc. Results show the wear of CNTs coated micropunch decreases obviously. Even in the severe wear period the wear loss is less than that of non-CNTs coated micropunch. Compared with the micropunch without CNTs coating, the promising results are due to the formation of a transfer film at the contact region by rubbing of the CNT forest, CNTs produced adheres to the micropunch surface avoiding direct contact during the punching period and providing lubricant properties to the interface by virtue of their graphitic nature. Also, the relevant mechanism was illustrated primarily.
References
[1] Iijima S. Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter. Nature 1993; 363: 603-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363603a0
[2] Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991; 354: 56-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354056a0
[3] Boncel S, Müller KH, Skepper JN, Walczak KZ, Koziol KKK. Tunable chemistry and morphology of multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a route to non-toxic, theranostic systems. Biomaterials 2011; 32: 7677-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.055
[4] Gutierrez F, Rubianes MD, Rivas GA. Dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in glucose oxidase: Characterization and analytical applications for glucose biosensing. Sensors and Actuators B 2012; 161: 191-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.10.010
[5] Tofighy MA, Mohammadi T. Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ions from water using carbon nanotube sheets. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011; 185: 140-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.008
[6] Upadhyayula VKK, Gadhamshetty V. Appreciating the role of carbon nanotube composites in preventing biofouling and promoting biofilms on material surfaces in environmental engineering: A review. Biotechnology Advances 2010; 28: 802-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.006
[7] Tiusanen J, Vlasveld D, Vuorinen J. Review on the effects of injection moulding parameters on the electrical resistivity of carbon nanotube filled polymer parts. Composites Science and Technology 2012; 72: 1741-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.07.009
[8] Alig I, Pötschke P, Lellinger D, et al. Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts. Polymer 2012; 53: 4-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.063
[9] Bhattacharya M, Hong S, Lee D, Cui T, Goyal SM. Carbon nanotube based sensors for the detection of viruses. Sensors and Actuators B 2011; 155: 67-74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.11.025
[10] Kasel D, Bradford SA, Šim?nek J, Heggen M, Vereecken H, Klumpp E. Transport and retention of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in saturated porous media: Effects of input concentration and grain size. Water Research 2012; 1-12.
[11] Pöllänen M, Pirinen S, Suvanto M, Pakkanen TT. Influence of carbon nanotube–polymeric compatibilizer masterbatches on morphological, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of polyethylene. Composites Science and Technology 2011; 71: 1353-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.05.009
[12] Green MJ, Behabtu N, Pasquali M, Adams WW. Nanotubes as polymers. Polymer 2009; 50: 4979-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.044
[13] Zhan GD, Kuntz JD, Wan JL, Mukherjee AK. Single-wall carbon nanotubes as attractive toughening agents in alumina-based nanocomposites. Nature Materials 2003; 2: 38-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat793
[14] Hvizdoš P, Puchý V, Duszová A, Dusza J, Balázsi C. Tribological and electrical properties of ceramic matrix composites with carbon nanotubes. Ceramics International 2012; 38: 5669-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.04.010
[15] Guiderdoni Ch, Pavlenko E, Turq V, et al. The preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT)/copper composites and the effect of the number of CNTwalls on their hardness, friction and wear properties. Carbon 2013; 58: 185-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.049
[16] Bakshi SR, Keshri AK, Agarwal A. A comparison of mechanical and wear properties of plasma sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composites at nano and macro scale. Materials Science and Engineering A 2011; 528: 3375-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.061
[17] Damnjanovi? M, Vukovi? T, Milosevi? I. Super-slippery carbon nanotubes: symmetry breaking breaks friction. European Physical Journal 2002; B 25: 131-4.
[18] Dickrell PL, Sinnott SB, Hahn DW, et al. Frictional anisotropy of oriented carbon nanotube surfaces. Tribology Letters 2005; 18: 59-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-004-1752-0
[19] Dickrell PL, Pal SK, Bourne GR, et al. Tunable friction behavior of oriented carbon nanotube films. Tribology Letters 2006; 24: 85-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-006-9162-0
[20] Guo W, Tam HY. Effects of extended punching on wear of the WC/Co micropunch and the punched microholes. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2011; 59: 955-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3567-0
[21] Esconjauregui S, Whelan CM, Maex K. The reasons why metals catalyze the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomorphologies. Carbon 2009; 47: 659-69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.10.047
[22] Dupuis AC. The catalyst in the CCVD of carbon nanotubes—a review. Progress in Materials Science 2005; 50: 929-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.04.003
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363603a0
[2] Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991; 354: 56-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354056a0
[3] Boncel S, Müller KH, Skepper JN, Walczak KZ, Koziol KKK. Tunable chemistry and morphology of multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a route to non-toxic, theranostic systems. Biomaterials 2011; 32: 7677-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.055
[4] Gutierrez F, Rubianes MD, Rivas GA. Dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in glucose oxidase: Characterization and analytical applications for glucose biosensing. Sensors and Actuators B 2012; 161: 191-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.10.010
[5] Tofighy MA, Mohammadi T. Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ions from water using carbon nanotube sheets. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011; 185: 140-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.008
[6] Upadhyayula VKK, Gadhamshetty V. Appreciating the role of carbon nanotube composites in preventing biofouling and promoting biofilms on material surfaces in environmental engineering: A review. Biotechnology Advances 2010; 28: 802-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.006
[7] Tiusanen J, Vlasveld D, Vuorinen J. Review on the effects of injection moulding parameters on the electrical resistivity of carbon nanotube filled polymer parts. Composites Science and Technology 2012; 72: 1741-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.07.009
[8] Alig I, Pötschke P, Lellinger D, et al. Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts. Polymer 2012; 53: 4-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.10.063
[9] Bhattacharya M, Hong S, Lee D, Cui T, Goyal SM. Carbon nanotube based sensors for the detection of viruses. Sensors and Actuators B 2011; 155: 67-74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2010.11.025
[10] Kasel D, Bradford SA, Šim?nek J, Heggen M, Vereecken H, Klumpp E. Transport and retention of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in saturated porous media: Effects of input concentration and grain size. Water Research 2012; 1-12.
[11] Pöllänen M, Pirinen S, Suvanto M, Pakkanen TT. Influence of carbon nanotube–polymeric compatibilizer masterbatches on morphological, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of polyethylene. Composites Science and Technology 2011; 71: 1353-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.05.009
[12] Green MJ, Behabtu N, Pasquali M, Adams WW. Nanotubes as polymers. Polymer 2009; 50: 4979-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.044
[13] Zhan GD, Kuntz JD, Wan JL, Mukherjee AK. Single-wall carbon nanotubes as attractive toughening agents in alumina-based nanocomposites. Nature Materials 2003; 2: 38-42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat793
[14] Hvizdoš P, Puchý V, Duszová A, Dusza J, Balázsi C. Tribological and electrical properties of ceramic matrix composites with carbon nanotubes. Ceramics International 2012; 38: 5669-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.04.010
[15] Guiderdoni Ch, Pavlenko E, Turq V, et al. The preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT)/copper composites and the effect of the number of CNTwalls on their hardness, friction and wear properties. Carbon 2013; 58: 185-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.049
[16] Bakshi SR, Keshri AK, Agarwal A. A comparison of mechanical and wear properties of plasma sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum composites at nano and macro scale. Materials Science and Engineering A 2011; 528: 3375-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.061
[17] Damnjanovi? M, Vukovi? T, Milosevi? I. Super-slippery carbon nanotubes: symmetry breaking breaks friction. European Physical Journal 2002; B 25: 131-4.
[18] Dickrell PL, Sinnott SB, Hahn DW, et al. Frictional anisotropy of oriented carbon nanotube surfaces. Tribology Letters 2005; 18: 59-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-004-1752-0
[19] Dickrell PL, Pal SK, Bourne GR, et al. Tunable friction behavior of oriented carbon nanotube films. Tribology Letters 2006; 24: 85-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-006-9162-0
[20] Guo W, Tam HY. Effects of extended punching on wear of the WC/Co micropunch and the punched microholes. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2011; 59: 955-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3567-0
[21] Esconjauregui S, Whelan CM, Maex K. The reasons why metals catalyze the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomorphologies. Carbon 2009; 47: 659-69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.10.047
[22] Dupuis AC. The catalyst in the CCVD of carbon nanotubes—a review. Progress in Materials Science 2005; 50: 929-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.04.003
Downloads
Published
2015-09-14
How to Cite
Guo, K. W., & Tam, H. Y. (2015). Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Prolonging the Life of Micropunch. Journal of Coating Science and Technology, 2(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.02.5
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
