Potatoes, Including French Fries, Contribute Key Nutrients to Diets of U.S. Adults: NHANES 2003-2006
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5634.2012.01.01.1Keywords:
Potato, Nutrient intake, Adults, Dietary GuidelinesAbstract
ABSTRACT
Many adult Americans fail to meet nutrient requirements. The objective of this study was to examine 24-hour dietary recall data from NHANES 2003-2006 to test the hypothesis that white potatoes (not sweet potatoes) contributed important nutrients within energy needs to adults' diets. Potato content of survey foods was determined using US Department of Agriculture (USDA) recipe databases (Standard Reference [SR]-Link files). SR codes were linked to USDA food composition data to determine nutrient content. Daily nutrient intakes among consumers of potatoes (including french fries [FF]), and consumers of FF alone, were determined by applying the composition database to respondent's recall data. Sample weighted data were analyzed; t-tests assessed differences between age-sex groups. Approximately 35% of adults consumed potatoes; 12% consumed FF. Intakes were lowest in adults aged 51+ y (P < .01). More males, compared to females, consumed potatoes (P<.05) and FF (P< 0.01). Males consumed larger amounts of potatoes (127 g/d) and FF (85 g/d) (P< .01). In all age-sex groups, potatoes and FF provided 7-11% of total energy (within daily energy requirements); 3-14% of daily fat (>75% MUFA+PUFA); >15% dietary fiber, >13% vitamin B6 and potassium; >5% thiamin, niacin, phosphorus, magnesium and copper; and <5% sodium. Potatoes provided >10% vitamin C for all age-sex groups and >5% vitamin K and iron for most groups; FF provided >5% vitamin E and folate intakes for all. These cross-sectional data showed that potatoes and FF, in amounts consumed by adults, contributed important nutrients in line with dietary recommendations.
References
Krebs-Smith SM, Guenther PM, Subar AF, Kirkpatrick SL, Dodd KW. Americans do not meet federal dietary recommendations. J Nutr 2010; 140: 1832-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.124826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.124826
Juan WY, Guenther PM, Kott PS. Diet quality of older Americans in 1994-96 and 2001-02 as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Nutrition Insight 41. Alexandria, VA: USDA, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion 2008 Nov. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.868.4
Guenther PM, Juan WY, Lino M, Hiza HA, Fungwe T, Lucas R. Diet quality of low-income and higher income Americans in 2003-04 as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Nutrition Insight 42. Alexandria, VA: USDA, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion 2008 Dec. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.540.5
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD. Report of the Dietary Guidelines Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. May 2010. Available at: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dgas2010-dgacreport.htm [Accessed May 1, 2011].
US Department of Health and Human Services. Your guide to lowering your blood pressure with DASH. http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/index.html [Accessed June 1, 2010].
US Department of Agriculture. US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010. Available at: http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines [Accessed May 1, 2011].
Camire ME, Kubow S, Donnelly DJ. Potatoes and human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49: 823-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408390903041996 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390903041996
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Sources of Energy among the US Population, 2005-06. Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch Website. Applied Research Program. 2010. Available at: http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/foodsources/ energy. Updated May 21, 2010 [Accessed June 15, 2011].
National Center for Health Statistics. About the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about_nhanes.htm [Accessed May 1, 2011].
National Center for Health Statistics. 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/current_nhanes_03_04.htm [Accessed June 1, 2010].
National Center for Health Statistics. 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/current_nhanes _03_04.htm [Accessed June 1, 2010.]
Raper N, Perloff B, Ingwersen L, Steinfeldt L, Anand J. An overview of USDA’s dietary intake system. J Food Compos Anal 2004; 17: 545-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2004.02.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2004.02.013
Freedman M, Keast DR. White potatoes, including french fries, contribute shortfall nutrients to children’s and adolescents’ diets. Nut Res 2011; 31: 270-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.006
US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 18. 2007. http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs. htm?docid=13747 [Accessed June 1, 2010].
US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20. 2007. http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs. htm?docid=17476 [Accessed June 1, 2010].
US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. USDA Table of Nutrient Retention Factors. Release 6. 2007. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/retn/retn06.pdf [Accessed June 1, 2010].
US Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov. Available at http://www.choosemyplate.gov/ [Accessed June 15, 2011].
US Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. 2010. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/ docs.htm?docid=8964 [Accessed June 15, 2011].
Britten P, Marcoe K, Yamini S, Davis C. Development of food intake patterns for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System. J Nutr Educ Behav 2006; 38(6 Suppl): S78-S92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2006.08.007
US Department of Health and Human Services. US Food and Drug Administration. CFR-Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Part 101--Food Labeling, Sec 10112 Reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.12 [Accessed June 1, 2010].
McDonalds’ USA Nutrition Spotlight. http://nutrition. mcdonalds.com/nutrition exchange/ingredientslist.pdf [Accessed July 15, 2011].
Food and Nutrition Board. Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids (macronutrients). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu [Accessed September 18, 2010].
Food labeling: Trans fatty acids in nutrition labeling, nutrient content claims, and health claims. 68 Federal Register 41433-41506 (2003) (codified at 21 CFR §101).
Mozaffarian D, Jacobson MF, Greenstein JS. Food reformulations to reduce trans fatty acids. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2037-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1001841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1001841
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Sources of Energy among the US Population, 2005-06. Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch Website. Applied Research Program. 2010. Available at: http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/foodsources. Updated February 22, 2011 [Accessed July 15, 2011].
Henney JE, Taylor CL, Boon CS, editors. Strategies to reduce sodium intake in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2010. www.nap.edu [Accessed June 1, 2010].
Bachman JL, Reedy J, Subar AF, Krebs-Smith SM. Sources of food group intakes among the US population, 2001-2002. J Am Diet Assoc 2008; 108: 804-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.02.026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.02.026
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
