Examination of the Relationship of Dairy Product Consumption and Dietary Calcium with Body Mass Index Percentile in Children

Carolyn W Gunther; Paul Branscum; Julie Kennel; Elizabeth G Klein; Laura E Monnat; Gail Kaye

doi:10.6000/1929-4247.2013.02.01.1

Authors

Carolyn W Gunther Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0137
Paul Branscum Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, 1401 Asp Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
Julie Kennel Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
Elizabeth G Klein College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
Laura E Monnat Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
Gail Kaye College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2013.02.01.1

Keywords:

BMI, calcium, weight, children, dairy

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships of dairy product and calcium intake with BMI percentile in children.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, the relationships of dairy product (cup equivalents/day) and dietary calcium (mg/day) (measured by 24 hour recall) consumption with BMI percentile [derived from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sex-specific BMI-for-age growth charts] were assessed in 101 healthy U.S. children (ages 8-13).

Results: Subject characteristics included (mean + SD): dairy product consumption (2.8 + 1.4 cup equivalents/day), dietary calcium (1039.4 + 431.4 mg/day), and BMI percentile (70.1 + 29.7). Dairy product intake and dietary calcium were inversely related to BMI percentile (p= 0.005). In subjects <85^th BMI percentile (n= 50 normal weight and n= 3 underweight), there was an inverse association of dairy product intake with BMI percentile (p= 0.001) and calcium intake with BMI percentile (p< 0.001). However, no association of dairy product consumption or calcium intake with BMI percentile was observed in overweight (85^th percentile ≤ BMI < 95^th percentile, n= 19) or obese subjects (BMI > 95^th percentile, n= 29). Removal of underweight subjects from the analysis only minimally impacted the results. Differences in dietary intake (MyPyramid food groups, calories, macronutrients, micronutrients) among normal, overweight, and obese subgroups were examined. No significant differences were detected between groups, and removing underweight subjects did not change the findings.

Conclusions: These results provide the basis for further investigation into a potential role of dairy and calcium in achieving a healthy body weight in children.

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