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Editor’s Choice : Comparison of Maternal Feeding Practices and Child Weight Status in Children from Three Countries
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Abstract: The present study considered three samples of mothers from Brazil, South Korea, and the United States to determine whether mothers demonstrate a consistent pattern of feeding practices associated with child overweight. Participants included 1204 mothers of children 6-10 years old. Mothers completed questionnaires to report their children's demographics and their feeding practices with the Parent Mealtime Action Scale (PMAS). The South Korean children showed significantly less obesity (10.4%) than children from Brazil (17.0%) or the United States (19.6%). Confirmatory factor analysis for mothers from all three samples revealed good fit for the same nine PMAS dimensions of feeding practice. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that after taking into account child age and gender, heavier child weight was found associated with more Fat Reduction and less Insistence on Eating by mothers from all three samples. Results from past experimental research suggest that these two maternal feeding practices would be counter-productive for teaching children's self-regulation of diet and weight management. Alternative maternal feeding practices are suggested. Keywords: Childhood obesity, parent-child relations, feeding practices, obesity prevention, weight management.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Factors Contributing to Positive Deviance in the Growth of Children in Rural Northern Ghana
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Abstract: Objective: The main aim of the study was to identify factors contributing to positive deviance in growth of children in rural communities of Northern Ghana. Methods: Weassessed factors contributing to nutritional positive deviance among rural poor households by comparing household feeding care practices and health seeking behaviour in families with normal children (that is, neither stunted nor wasted) with children having at least one form of under nutrition. Results:The prevalence of stunting and wasting was 28.0 % (CI: 25.3 - 30.9), and 10.5 % (CI: 9.0 - 12.3) respectively. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for cluster sampling showed that positive deviant children (that is, neither wasted nor stunted) were 2.4 times more likely to have taller (≥160 cm) mothers [AOR 2.38; 95% CI (1.83 - 3.10)]. Female children were significantly more likely to be positive deviant [AOR 1.44; 95% CI (1.17 - 1.77)]. Households using salt of adequate iodine content were more likely to have positive deviant children [AOR 1.36; 95% CI (1.03 - 1.80)]. Conclusion and Recommendation:Positive deviance in child growth was characterized by taller mothers, being a female child, high maternal nutrition knowledge and being resident in the Upper West Region. The persistent high levels of child under nutrition in Northern Ghana can be mediated through a sustainable focused intervention strategy to improve maternal nutrition. Keywords: IYCF practices, nutritional status, positive deviance, maternal height, Northern Ghana. |
Editor’s Choice : Contribution of Dehydration and Malnutrition to the Mortality of Children 0-59 Month of Age in a Senegalese Pediatric Hospital
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Abstract: In-hospital mortality is an indicator of the quality of care. We analyzed the mortality of under five years children of Pediatric ward of Aristide Le Dantec teaching hospital to update our data, after an previous study conducted ten years earlier. Methods:This was a retrospective study involving children 0-59 months of age, hospitalized from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. For each child, nutritional status was assessed according to 2006 World Health Organization growth standards; clinical and biological data were recorded. The outcome of the disease was specified. Bivariate and multivariable were used to identify risk factors for death. Results:393 children were included. Overall mortality rate was 10% (39/393). Factors associated with death were severe wasting [OR = 8.27, 95% CI [3.79-18], male gender (OR = 2.98, 95% CI [1.25-7.1]), dehydration (OR = 5.4, 95% CI [2.54-13.43]) in the model using the weight-for- height z score, male gender (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), dehydration (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in using the height- for- age z score, male gender (OR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.19-6.24]), dehydration (OR = 7.5, 95% CI [3.39-16.76]), severe underweight (OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), in the model using the weight-for- age z score, and male gender (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), dehydration (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in that using MUAC. Dehydration and malnutrition are two independent factors of mortality. Our management protocols of dehydration and malnutrition have to be updated. Screening malnutrition has to be done systematically for each child by anthropometric measurements using WHO growth standards. Keywords: Mortality, child malnutrition, dehydration, Senegal.Download Full Article |
Editor's Choice : Amount of Zinc Transferred in Breast Milk to Breastfed Moroccan Babies with Normal or Low Birth Weight at 1, 3 and 6 Months After Birth
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Abstract: The amount of zinc in breast milk is generally regarded as sufficient to cover the increasing zinc demands of most infants. However, this is not well investigated where stores zinc may be compromised in babies with low birth weight (LBW) who are born with low stores of zinc. In Morocco, this is the first time that the amount of zinc transferred in breast milkhas been estimated. This study included 32 mother-baby pairs. In our case study, we aimed to measure The quantity of zinc in mothers’ breast milk with normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW babies who were exclusively or not exclusively breast fed at 1,3 and 6 month after birth. The results showed that the majority of mothers have a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 this means that all mothers are overweight during 6 months after birth.Zinc concentration (mg/l) in mothers’ breast milk decreased from first month to six month. p- value showed that for mothers with NBW babies, there is a significant difference between the 1 and 6 month (p=0.0003) and between 3 and 6 month after birth (p=0.0007). For mothers with LBW babies, p-value showed a significant difference between the zinc concentration in breast milk in the 1st and 3rd month (p=0.0007), 1 and 6 month (p< 0.0001) and between 3rd and 6th month after birth (p=0.0056). The rate of NBW babies who were exclusively breastfed was 36.67%, 30.25% and 10% successively in 1st, 3rd and 6th month after birth. For LBW babies, the rate of exclusively breastfed was 15.38%, 7.69% and 2.69% successively in 1st, 3rd and 6th month after birth. Based on the K. Brown study in 2009, we can develop a mathematical equation to our own population using our data: Ln [Zinc] = 0.960 – 0.161*Ln(âge) – 0.187*Ln(âge)2. In conclusion the zinc concentration in milk is within normal range and decreases with the age of the babies. The predicted model of zinc concentration in breast milk was developed and tested. Keywords: Emoticons, Emolabeling, Food Choice, Health, Literacy, Childhood.Download Full Article |
