jrups
Abstract : Some Significant Trends in Textile Bleaching
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Abstract: The article highlights some recent trends in the bleaching of textile materials. An attempt has been made to compare the effect of electrochemical bleaching with conventional bleaching of cotton. Electric current is used in the preparation of a bleaching agent to replace bleaching powder. The sodium hypochlorite generated from electrolyte cell is sufficient to produce powerful bleaching agent with available chlorine. Electrochemical bleaching with sodium hypochlorite offers numerous advantages like prevention of effluent problem, economy, reliability, cleanliness, and convenience in working. Attempts have been made to use sodium perborate as a bleaching agent with potassium persulphate as an activator at lower temperature in combined pre treatment of cotton fabric. Experimental trials have been designed by using taguchi technique. This bleaching technique promises to be eco-friendly process. In yet another interesting work, effort has been taken to bleach the scoured cotton fabric with sodium perborate as bleaching agent and tetreacetyl ethylenediamine as bleaching activator. The concentrations of these chemicals, temperature and time of the treatment have been varied. The utilization of hydrogen peroxide is much higher as compared with that of conventional bleaching process. Other advantages include less requirement of water and energy, thereby satisfying needs of eco-friendly process, lesser loss in weight, tearing strength, and tensile strength, in comparison with conventional bleaching process without compromising whiteness index. Keywords: Sodium hypochlorite, Electrochemical bleaching, tetreacetyl ethylenediamine, Whiteness index, Cotton fabric, Combined pretreatment. |
Abstract : Recent Advances in Biodegradable Polymers
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Abstract: Biodegradable polymers are important as an alternative to conventional non-degradable polymers for sustainable eco-system. The recent trends indicate that the new developments in biodegradable polymers focus on novel polymer systems that can cater the need of biomedical and packaging applications in-terms of performance and economics. The new interest is rapidly moving toward reducing carbon footprint through utilization of carbon dioxide and developing new methods of manufacturing such as 3D printing for specific purposes. This review focus on the present state-of-art and recent developments in biodegradable polymers covering their sources, synthetic methodologies, salient properties, degradation patterns, polymer blends and nanocomposites. As well as biodegradable polymers as a 3D printing material and the use of carbon dioxide as a renewable raw material for biomedical and packaging applications. Keywords: Biodegradable polymers, polymer blends, 3D printing, carbon dioxide, renewable resources. |
Abstract : Mill Scales Blended Polymer Composites For Electrical Insulation Application
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Abstract: Standalone composite films were prepared using modified polyester as a binder and waste iron oxides (mill scales) collected from a steel plant as inorganic filler. The morphology, structure, composition, strength and electrical insulation properties of polymer-iron composites were studied using various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) test, particle size analysis and electrical insulation test. The mill scales collected from the hot strip rolling mill (HSM) have found to comprise three different phases such as wustite, magnetite and hematite. Composites prepared using mill scales were showing three times higher strength compared to the mother polymer film. Electrical insulation of these composites were found to increase in the range of 55-230 MV/mm with increasing iron oxide content from 0.0125 g to 0.25 g in 2.5 g polymer. These results show a potential research field on the mill scales based composites for various advanced applications in improving insulation behaviour of materials which can withstand at higher temperatures and electrical stresses. Keywords: Mill scales, composites, iron oxides, electrical insulation, hardness, polymer film. |
Abstract : Effect of Chemical Foaming Agent in Enhancing Dispersion of Montmorillonite in Polypropylene Nanocomposite
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Abstract: Homogenous dispersion of the nano particles in the polymer matrix is a key factor in order to achieve enhanced properties of the polymer nanocomposites. Dispersion or exfoliation of nano clay is difficult in the matrix during melt mixing. In this study, dispersion of nano montmorillonite (MMT) in polypropylene (PP) was done by using chemical foaming agent during melt mixing process. Chemical foaming agent (CFA) added (1 %wt.) PP/MMT nanocomposites were prepared on twin screw extruder. Then, injection molding was done to the granulated nanocomposites in order to obtain tensile test samples. Thermal test and morphological investigations were done. Tensile test was applied to observe the difference in mechanical strength of the nanocomposites depending on the presence of the foaming agent during melt mixing process. The results have shown that, dispersion of MMT enhanced in the matrix due to addition of chemical foaming agent. This brought improved tensile strength about 19% for the PP/MMT nanocomposites within same concentrations of nano filler. Keywords: Nano montmorillonite, polypropylene, melt mixing, dispersion, mechanical strength. |
