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Abstract : pH Monitoring of Tumor Microenvironment and Low Volume of Urine in Experimental Rats
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Abstract: The pH monitoring of the tumor microenvironment in vivo seems to be in fact complicated and technically quite challenging nowadays. Also the strategy of measuring urine pH of a little amount is not fully solved. Thus, the aim of our study was to monitor pH of urine samples (< 0.1 ml) and of tumor microenvironment of anesthetized rats in a minimal invasive way. The small urine volumes of rats or mice make pH measurements difficult, as standard pH electrodes usually need a minimal volume of several milliliters to function. The manual micromanipulator together with a needle-type housed pH microsensor offers a simple and effective way to do so. Our results show that pH of urine and tumor microenvironment was lower in tumor bearing rats compared to healthy subjects. The unique technology of pH microsensors could be a promising way to monitor the pH in many experimental designs and clinical praxis. Keywords: pH, tumor microenvironment, urine, monitoring, in vivo, rats.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Editorial: Epithelial – to - Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer
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Editorial Keywords: TCTP, siRNA, ovarian cancer cells, actin cytoskeleton, cell motility.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Cancer Stem-Cell Related miRNAs: Novel Potential Targets for Metastatic Prostate Cancer
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Abstract: Globally Prostate Cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed and sixth leading cause of Cancer mortalities in men worldwide but currently there is no cure for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment resistance and mortality in Prostate Cancer patients. Although several advances have been made to control yet there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms and pathways for chemoresistance and prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a sub-population of cancer cells characterised by self-renewal and tumor initiation, have gained intense attention as they not only play a crucial role in cancer relapse but also contribute substantially to chemoresistance. Contributing to the role of CSCs are the miRNAs which are known key regulators of the posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in a wide array of biological processes including tumorigenesis. The altered expressions of miRNAs have been associated with not only with tumor development but also with invasion, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and metastasis. Thus identification of signature miRNA associated with EMT and CSCs would provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the improvement of current treatment thus leading to increase in patient’s survival. Keywords: Cancer stem cells, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Metastasis, MicroRNA.Download Full Article |
Abstract : The Role of the IGF Axis in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition during the Progression of Prostate Cancer
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Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common lethal cancer in men worldwide. Despite the fact that the prognosis for patients with localized disease is good, many patients succumb to metastatic disease with the development of resistance to hormone treatments. This is normally termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The development of metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer has been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process where cancer cells acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype with enhanced migratory potential, invasiveness and elevated resistance to apoptosis. The main event in EMT is the repression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis is essential for normal development and maintenance of tissues, including that of the prostate, and dysregulation of this pathway contributes to prostate cancer progression and malignant transformation. It is becoming increasingly clear that one of the ways in which the IGF axis impacts upon cancer progression is through promoting EMT. This review will explore the role of EMT in prostate cancer progression with a specific focus on the involvement of the IGF axis and its downstream signalling pathways in regulating EMT in prostate cancer. Keywords: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, insulin-like growth factor family, prostate cancer progression, lifestyle factors.Download Full Article |
