Additional External Costs Analysis and Environmental CBA
Pages 43-54

Zinaida Dimitrijević and Iris Salihbegovic

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.02.1

Published: 29 September 2017

Abstract: The sustainable development requires policies and measures which negative impacts would not be spilled over on another area or has trends that pose severe or irreversible threats to future quality of life. The environmental costs-benefits analysis (CBA) as well as multi criteria analyse are the most common used methods for the decision making processes including the approved methodology for quantifying external costs especially regarding air quality. Since the reducing one type of external cost generates another external cost due to fact that the problem is only shifted from the one area to the another CBA is not enough for the decision making process because external cost of a future implemented measure isn't considered. By the usage of Life-cycle costing (LCC), a tool which evaluates the costs of an new installed asset imposed trough the adopted policy or measure throughout its life cycle, it is possible beside the common costs for conducting CBA include also the end-of-life and disposal costs as the new installed asset’s external costs too. These costs have to be calculated and added to the cost side of CBA before comparing to the benefits. So, for the purpose of decision making process of the retrofitting existing thermal power plants with DeSOx such calculation has been done as a case study for one thermal power plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina highlighting overall costs and benefits of the DeSOx installation.

Keywords: Environmental CBA, external costs, LCC, retrofitting, cogeneration.

Characterisation of Neem and Jatropha Curcas Oils and their Blends with Kerosene for Combustion in Liquid Bio Fuels Cooking Stoves
Pages 55-65

Adamu A. Shanono, Ibraheem S. Diso and Isa Garba

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2017.06.02.2

Published: 29 September 2017

Abstract: The characterisation of raw vegetable oils of neem and jatropha curcas seeds was experimentally carried out in order to obtain requisite data for the design process of liquid bio fuels cooking stoves. Properties of nineteen vegetable oils/kerosene blends including the kerosene sample were also experimentally determined for the purpose of testing the designed and developed bio stoves that utilised these fuel/oils blends as fuels. Results of the characterisation revealed that the kinematic viscosity of jatropha oil (57.6 mm²/s) was 36 times more than the viscosity of the kerosene sample (1.6 mm²/s). On the other hand, the viscosity of neem oil (62.6 mm²/s) was 39 times greater than that of the kerosene sample. In addition, the density of jatropha curcas oil (860 kg/m³) was more than that of the kerosene (760 kg/m³) by 13.16%, while the density of neem oil (890 kg/m³) exceeded that of kerosene sample by 17.11%; all the tests were conducted at 30^oC. Meanwhile, the acid number values of jatropha (1.2 mg KOH/g) and neem (3.1 mg KOH/g) oils did not meet the ASTM D6751 acid number standard specification, and only jatropha curcas oil satisfied the DIN 51605 specification. Blending of the oils with kerosene ensured that all the kerosene/jatropha oil blends met the DIN 51605 specification, however only six kerosene/neem oil blends (10% to 60% concentrations) satisfied the requirement. Moreover, among all the kerosene/oils blends, only the 10% and 20% jatropha and 10% neem oils concentrations in the blends met the ASTM D6751 standard acid number specification. .

Keywords: Biomass, Vegetable Oil, Standard Specification, Test Method, Wick Stove.