jbs
Abstract : Mesopotamian Buffaloes: Endangered Genetic Resource, Review
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Abstract: The water buffalo of Iraq are river type (Bubalus bubalis), some scholars think they are most closely related to the water buffalo of India, but white patches which is rather common on the foreheads indicate some influence of Nile breed, this latter influence of course could be quite recent (ALhamadany, 2015), while recent molecular studies referred indicated that Mesopotamian buffaloes were from River type and large animal as well well very large variation between animals and buffalo populations due to absent of genetic improvement (Jaayid and Hamd).There were many historical and archeological studies that had different debate about Mesopotamian buffalo origin still need more molecular genetic studies [1]. Buffalo breeders (Maadan), in Iraq represents living descendants of the ancient Sumerians, divided to Nomads and Villagers [2].These ancient genetic recourses in Iraq, go through many drastic impacts during three decades, environmental, economical and wars, lead to decline of population and breeders displacement [3], that need conservation plans to be adopted and protect this ancient animal, which achieved by Ministry of Agriculture. Baghdad, involved Artificial Insemination project, sponsored by FAO and supported breeders by loans. Keywords: Mesopotamian buffaloes, Maadan, Marsh drought. |
Abstract : Milk Yield Response of Bypass Protein on Smallholder Dairy Animals
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Abstract: Protein need for small holder dairy animals is very limited. Considering this problem one on-station and one on-farm trails were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Nepal respectively. In on-station trial (2013) 15 milking buffaloes were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg de-oiled soybean meals/day/buffalo) and in on-farm trial (2014), 20 milking buffaloes were assigned to 0.5 kg de-oiled soybean meal/day/buffalo for two months dry period. From on-station trial, significantly higher (42 %) milk production was observed from 0.5 kg and 1 kg de-oiled soybean meal/day/buffalo feeding groups. From the on-farm trials in village dairy buffaloes 20 percent milk production increment was observed compared with the normal farmer's feeding practices (de-oiled soybean meals unfed condition). It was concluded that, in addition to normal diet, 0.5 to 1 kg de-oiled soybean meal (depending up on the body weight of animal and feeding situation) per day feeding as bypass protein sources could be beneficial during dry period where green fodder is scarce to maintain milk production from dairy animals. Keywords: Bypass protein, milk yield, buffaloes, Small holder. |
Abstract : Staphylococcus aureus Genotypes of Subclinical Bovine Mastitis Milk in the Middle Western Anatolia
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Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common etiological pathogen of bovine mastitis. Subclinical mastitis is characterised by a non-alteration of the milk but can cause food poisoning by production of enterotoxins in milk. Knowledge about the genetic variability within different S. aureus populations would help inthe design of efficient treatments to prevent subclinical mastitis and provide useful data for epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic nature of the S. aureus cultured from subclinical bovine mastitis occurring in 16 farms in the middle western Anatolia. Methods: Two hundred sixty eight milk samples positive with California Mastitis Test (CMT) suggesting the subclinical mastitis of lactating cows in 16 different farms in the Middle Western Anatolia were collected and S. aureus were isolated. Identification was carried out by traditional tests and ribotyping confirmed the identification. Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SE) were detected and typed by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Test Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination (SET-RPLA) test kit. Genetic characterisation of the isolates was carried out by both ribotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: A total of 77 isolates of S. aureus were purified and analysed by both biochemical identification and genotyping. Only 4 isolates (5.19 %) of S. aureus were recorded as enterotoxin positive. Genetic characterisation of the isolates was carried out by ribotyping revealed eight ribotypes while pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was more discriminative representing 19 pulsotypes. Conclusion: This study shows no significant association between enterotoxin production, ribogroup and pulsotype profile of the S. aureus isolates collected from the Middle Western Anatolia. Keywords: Bovine subclinical mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxin, genotype. |
Abstract : Efficacy and Safety of Topical Fipronil 1% and Deltamethrin 0.1% in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Naturally Infested by Haematopinus tuberculatus
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Abstract: Haematopinus tuberculatus is the main arthropod affecting buffaloes around the world. It causes intense itching and restlessness, altering feeding habits, thus reducing animal productivity. This parasitosis is seldom studied, as it does not lead to significant animal mortality or financial losses. In this project, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of two commercially available products for control of pediculosis in naturally infested buffaloes. A total of 24 milk producing, clinically healthy female buffaloes that were naturally infested by lice were included in this study. Animals were equally distributed into two groups: group 1 was treated with a single dose of pour on Fipronil (1%, Carval de Colombia, 1 ml of product per 10 kg of live weight). Group 2 was treated with a single dose of deltamethrin (5%, Bioara, SA), at a final concentration of 0,1% applied with an aspersion pump as a single bath of 4 liters of diluted solution per animal. Lice were counted weekly from day 1 to day 58 post-treatment. Up to day 23 post-treatment, no significant differences in efficacy were observed between products.Fipronil 1% consistently exhibited an efficacy above 70% from day 8 and until 30 day of the study. These results suggest that both products are efficient and safe to control lice infestations in buffaloes. However, fipronil 1% exhibited a greater residual effect, which reduces the number of baths required to treat infested animals, and reduces the probability of selecting for drug-resistant lice populations. Keywords: Ectoparasites, pediculosis, buffaloes, treatment, effectiveness. |
