PURPOSE

Generally, the functioning of the journal is supervised by an Editorial Board, which consists of distinguished and qualified researchers in the field who contribute by inviting participation and offering expert views on the suitability of submissions. The Editorial Board consists of the following critical positions.

Editor-in-Chief:

The Editor-in-Chief is primarily responsible for actions conducted for the journal. It maintains the right of final acceptance or rejection of manuscripts.

Associate Editor(s):

An Associate Editor is a managing editor who manages the processing of the manuscripts, which entail soliciting manuscripts from potential contributors, assessing the suitability of the manuscript related to its scope, managing the peer-review process, devising strategies for the progress of the journal, coordinating with the reviewers and board members, taking decisions on the revised submissions and occasionally assisting the Editor-in-chief for final acceptance or rejection of the manuscripts.

Editorial Board Members:

The Editorial Board consists of a committee of researchers with expertise in the relevant field, appointed by the journal's authorities. 

Editorial board members are expected to:

• Carry out peer-reviewing of submitted manuscripts
• Assess submissions based on the policy and scope of the journal
• Organize publication of thematic issues
• Invite new authors and submissions
• Provide editorials for thematic issues organized under their Guest Editorship
• Assist in identifying peer-reviewers suitable to a specific topic and provide second opinions on papers in case of reviewer's conflict
• Suggest appropriate conferences for the editors to attend
• Assist in the announcement of the journal amongst authors, readers, and subscribers and encourage colleagues to submit their best work
• Suggest competent board members
• Carry out submitted manuscript peer-reviewing  
• Submit/Solicit review/research manuscript to the journal

Selection Criteria:

We believe that the Editorial Board plays an essential role in the progress of a journal, and the success of our journal owes a lot to our competent editorial board. 

Scholars from different regions worldwide are chosen for the Editorial Board to serve the journal with dedication and conviction.

The members are selected as per the following criteria:

· Geographical diversity
· Relevance of expertise
· specific number of publications to their credit
· Eminence as per their posts in key research institutes

Guest editors, previous authors, or peer-reviewers who have worked for the journal, or are endorsed by other board members may be considered for inclusion in the Editorial Board.

When invited to the editorial board, potential candidates must provide a brief description of their responsibilities and a clear statement that their post is voluntary and without remuneration.

Appeals and Complaints
Copyrights

OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING POLICY:

All articles published by Lifescience Global journals are readily available and immediately accessible online upon publication and readers can read, download and/or print OPEN access articles without any charges.

All articles are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which allows the open distribution and reproduction in any means, provided that the work is perfectly cited.

Authors have the flexibility to publish a wide range of articles in Lifescience Global journals, e.g., short communications, full-length research and review articles, as well as supplements, conference proceedings, and case studies.

Authorship acknowledgments:

All individuals listed as authors must have devoted substantially to the conception, execution, analysis, or summarizing of the work and are required to indicate their particular contribution. The names and order of author’s list must be finalized before submission to the journal and no responsibility lies on Lifescience Global regarding authorship matters. Any article with disputed authorship may not be published by Lifescience Global until complete resolution of the issue and a written consent provided to the editor by corresponding author. Granting Guest or honorary authorship to some individual due to his/her position only(e.g., research supervisor, departmental head) is highly discouraged.

In addition to authors of the article, individual/company/institution who has substantially contributed to studying important intellectual content or was involved in drafting or revising the manuscript may be acknowledged at the end of the article before the References.

Mentioning of corresponding author(s) is mandatory for all submissions. only corresponding author will communicate with journal regarding all article-publication matters. Being a corresponding author doesn’t renders seniority to an author rathet, it is required for managerial responsibilities only.

For further guidance on authorship matters COPE has established specific conditions which can be found at 2003pdf12_0.pdf (publicationethics.org)

Copyrights: Authors who publish in Lifescience Global journals retain copyright to their work. Submission of a manuscript to the respective journals implies that all authors have read and agreed to the content of the Covering Letter or the Terms and Conditions.

All articles by Lifescience Global are published under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits free distribution and reproduction of published content in any medium provided that the work is properly cited. Lifescience Global (Licensor) grants the author(s) a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, and non-commercial perpetual license to exercise the below rights of their published article.

• The authors retain the copyright of their published article. They will also have the right to reproduce the article, to incorporate the article into one or more collective works, and to reproduce the article as incorporated in collective works;
• Create and reproduce Derivative Works for educational purposes.
• Distribute Copies
• Any commercial application of the work, with prior agreement by the author, is exclusively granted to Lifescience Global.

Plagiarism Prevention: Lifescience Global uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. iThenticate software checks the content against a database of periodicals, the Internet, and a comprehensive article database. It generates a similarity report, highlighting the percentage overlap between the uploaded article and the published material. Any instance of content overlap is further examined for suspected plagiarism according to the publisher's Editorial Policies. Lifescience Global allows an overall similarity of 20% for a manuscript to be acknowledged for publication. The similarity percentage is further checked keeping the following important points in view:

Low Text Similarity: The text of every submitted manuscript is examined using the Content Tracking mode in iThenticate. This mode ensures that manuscripts with an overall low percentage similarity (but which may have a higher similarity from a single source) are not neglected. The acceptable limit for similarity of text from a single source is 5%. Suppose the similarity level is above 5%. In that case, the manuscript is returned to the author for paraphrasing the text and citing the source of the copied material.

It is essential to mention that the text taken from different sources with an overall low similarity percentage will be considered plagiarized content if most of the article is a combination of copied material.

High Text Similarity: There may be some manuscripts with an overall low similarity percentage but a higher percentage from a single source. A manuscript may have less than 20% overall similarity, but 15 % similar text is taken from a single article. The similarity index in such cases is higher than the approved limit for a single source. Authors are encouraged to thoroughly rephrase similar text and properly cite the original quote to bypass plagiarism and copyright violation.

Types of Plagiarism: We all understand that scholarly manuscripts are drafted after a careful review of previously published articles. It is therefore not easy to draw a clear boundary between legitimate representation and plagiarism. However, the following important features can assist in identifying different kinds of plagiarized content. These are:

• Reproduction of others' words, sentences, ideas, or findings as one's own without proper acknowledgment.
• Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism. The author practices a former publication in different paper without proper citation and acknowledgment of the original source.
• Poor paraphrasing, copying complete paragraphs, and modifying a few words without changing the structure of original sentences or changing the sentence structure but not the words.
• Verbatim copying of text without placing quotation marks and not acknowledging the work of the original author.
• They are correctly citing a work but poorly paraphrasing the original text is considered unintentional plagiarism. Similarly, manuscripts with language between paraphrasing and quoting are not acceptable. Authors should either paraphrase properly or quote and, in both cases, cite the original source.
• Higher similarity in the abstract, introduction, materials and methods, and discussion and conclusion sections indicates that the manuscript may contain plagiarized text. Authors can easily explain these parts of the manuscript in many ways. However, author technical terms and sometimes standard methods cannot be rephrased; therefore, Editors must carefully review these sections before deciding.

Plagiarism in Published Manuscripts: Published manuscripts containing plagiarized text are retracted from the journal website after careful investigation and approval by the Journal's Editor-in-Chief. A 'Retraction Note' and a link to the original study are published on the plagiarised manuscript's electronic version.

Publication Charges Policy: Lifescience Global is committed to disseminate research and scholarly publications as widely as possible. It supports the principle that the results of publicly funded studies should be freely accessible in the public domain. Therefore, it adopts the policy of publishing through Open Access (OA).

However, open access publishing is not without costs. Lifescience Global pays various expenses of journal production, its online hosting, and archiving in different databases by charging publication fee from authors and their research supporters for each article they publish in IJCS.

Post publication policies:

Errata, Corrigenda, and Corrections in Published Articles: Authors and readers are advised to notify the Editor-in-Chief if they discover errors in published content, author's names, and affiliations or if they have reasons for concern over the legitimacy of a publication. In such cases, Lifescience Global will publish an ERRATUM or a CORRIGENDUM, in discussion with the Editor-in-Chief and authors of the article, and/or substitute or retract the article.

Article Withdrawal:

Only in rare cases where an article has significant errors which are compelling and unavoidable; or has been accidently submitted multiple times, withdrawal of an unpublished article by authors is permissible.

An "Article withdrawal Form” (available from editorial office of the journal) mentioning the reason for withdrawal; and signed by all co-authors will be needed for such request. As per policy, if the withdrawal of article is requested within the 48 hours of submission, no withdrawal penalty will be charged, however, if authors withdraw manuscripts during/after review; and acceptance, a withdrawal penalty will be applicable as the article may have caused the time waste of the editors, reviewers, and the editorial staff. Withdrawal will only be allowed after withdrawal penalty has been fully paid to the journal.

The Editor-in-Chief of the journal is highest authority solely responsible to take decisions on withdrawal policies

Only if a manuscript has taken more than six months for review process, the authors have the right to withdraw their manuscript without paying any charges. Authors may not assume that their manuscript has been withdrawn until they have received a formal letter notifying about the Manuscript Withdrawal from the editorial office.

To avoid time-waste of our publishing team, and the withdrawal penalties by authors we suggest our authors to be certain that the data and facts presented in the article are error free, and best practices in the publication ethics have been complied before submission to the journal.
Article Retraction: If manuscripts are published, having assigned certain information of volume/issue/page number, and it is found that there are infringements of professional ethical codes in their content, such as plagiarism, excess similarity with some other article, fraudulent use of data, etc., then such manuscripts are retracted by relevant editors of Lifescience Global.

A retraction note entitled "Retraction: [article title]" is published in the paginated part of the next scheduled issue of the journal and is also listed in the table of contents.

Editors may consider retracting a publication' if:

• They have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of major error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g., of data) or falsification (e.g., image manipulation)
• It constitutes plagiarism
• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper attribution to previous sources or disclosure to the editor, permission to republish, or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication)
• It contains material or data without authorization for use
• Copyright has been infringed or there is some other serious legal issue (e.g., libel, privacy)
• It reports unethical research
• It has been published solely on the basis of a compromised or manipulated peer review process
• The author(s) failed to disclose a major competing interest (aka, conflict of interest) that, in view of the editor, would have unduly affected interpretations of the work or recommendations by editors and peer reviewers.

Removal of Published Content:

In exceptional circumstances, if Lifescience Global finds that a published content is defamatory, breaches a third party’s legal rights, or is unlawful otherwise; if acted upon ,would be seriously risky to health; or receives a government/court order to remove the published content; it reserves the right to temporarily or permanently remove such article. Bibliography(title and authors’ names) will be retained and will be accompanied by a declaration briefly explaining the reasons for removal of the content.

Data Fabrication and Manipulation:

Lifescience Global does not support any makeup of research findings/data to give a false impression. Manipulating images, removing unsupportive results, changing/adding/deleting data points etc. are all included in data fabrication and not allowed in submitted articles. However, proper technical manipulation of a complete image may be allowed for readability. Any type of such technical manipulation must be clearly mentioned in cover letter while submitting the article to the journal. Improper manipulation involving parts of the image is strictly forbidden. Editors will follow COPE guidelines to handle such falsifications according to the following:

• Suspected fabricated data in a submitted manuscript

If data fabrication is brought to notice after the article is published the editors are instructed to follow COPE’s following guidelines:

• Suspected fabricated data in a published article

Concurrent Publication/Simultaneous Submission: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to the Lifescience Global journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication, the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered.

Abstracts and posters of conferences, results presented at meetings (for example, to inform investigators or participants about findings), results from databases (data without interpretation, discussion, context, or conclusions in the form of tables and text to describe data/information where this is not easily presented in tabular form) are not considered before publication.

Authors who wish to publish translations of the articles that have been published elsewhere should ensure that they have appropriate permission(s), indicate clearly that the material has been translated and re-published, and show the primary source of the material. The Editor-in-Chief may request the related publications if he/she is concerned about overlap and possible redundancy.

Allegations of misconduct:

Lifescience Global will investigate if any form of misconduct is suspected in a submitted article . Editorial members/ editorial staff, as appropriate will be responsible for following up of such cases. Such articles are not only rejected but the submitting author is contacted first, for questions regarding any unfair actions. In case of no/unsatisfactory reply from authors Lifescience Global has the authority to contact their employers, institutions/organizations, or relevant regulatory body for investigating and resolving the issue. All steps are taken in the light of COPE’s directions as found in https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/ethical-problem-in-submitted-manuscript-cope-flowchart.pdf

All cases of misconduct are followed up till final settling of the issue. In rare situations of any allegation of ethical misconduct discovered and evidently proved in a post-published article by Lifescience Global journals, investigation will be carried out and appropriate action may be taken by handling editor of the article which may include retraction/ removal of the article from the journal. EIC may be contacted by the handling editor in case of complicated cases to make final decision. The editorial staff bears the responsibility to follow up the cases of misconduct till final solution of the issue is achieved. The extremely unusual cases of evident misconduct may be directed to COPE team by EIC in case no guiding rules/flowchart can be found regarding such issues.

Disclaimer: Responsibility for the content published by Lifescience Global in any of its journals, including any opinions expressed therein, rests exclusively with the author(s) of such content. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Lifescience Global (on its behalf and behalf of its staff and members of its editorial board) disclaims responsibility for any injury and/or damage (whether financial or otherwise) to persons or property, resulting directly or indirectly from any ideas, methods, instructions, or products (including errors in the same) referred to in any content of Lifescience Global journals.

Appeals and Complaints:

Generally, the editorial decisions are not reverted. However, authors who consider that their manuscript was rejected due to a misunderstanding or mistake may seek an explanation for the decision. Appeals must give sound reasoning and compelling evidence against the criticism raised in the rejection letter. A difference of opinion as to the interest, novelty, or suitability of the manuscript for the journal will not be considered an appeal. The EIC and other relevant editors will consider the request and their decision afterwards will be deemed final.

Acceptance of the manuscript for publishing is not guaranteed even if the journals’ concerned personals agree to reconsider the manuscript. The reconsideration process may involve previous or new reviewers or editors and substantive revision.

Authors who wish to make a complaint should refer them to the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal concerned. All appeals and complaints must be sent to This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Plagiarism Prevention Policy:

Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication, the authors agree that Lifescience Global has the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered.

Lifescience Global uses advanced soft wares to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. These soft wares check the content against a database of periodicals, Internet, and a comprehensive article database. It generates a similarity report, highlighting the percentage overlap between the uploaded article and the already published material. Any piece of content overlap is further examined for suspected plagiarism according to the Lifescience Global Editorial Policies. Lifescience Global allows an overall similarity of 20% for a manuscript to be acknowledged for publication. The similarity percentage is further checked keeping the following important points in view:

Types of Plagiarism: We all understand that scholarly manuscripts are drafted after a careful review of previously published articles. It is therefore, not easy to draw a clear boundary between legitimate representation and plagiarism; and authors may be prone to practice plagiarism, although unintentionally. However, the following important features can assist the authors in identifying different kinds of plagiarized content.

• Reproduction of others' words, sentences, ideas, or findings as one's own without proper acknowledgment.
• Text recycling, also known as self-plagiarism: Here, the author reuses his/her own work from a former publication without proper citation and acknowledgment of the original source.
• Poor paraphrasing, copying complete paragraphs, and modifying a few words without changing the structure of original sentences, or changing the sentence structure but not the words.
• Word-for-word copying of text without placing quotation marks and not acknowledging the work of original author.
• Correctly citing a work but poorly paraphrasing the original text is considered unintentional plagiarism. Similarly, manuscripts using both paraphrasing and quoting for a similar idea are not acceptable. Authors should either paraphrase properly, or quote and, in both cases, cite the original source.

Authors are hence, suggested to check for all of the above instances before final submission of their articles to the journal.

Plagiarism in Published Manuscripts: Published manuscripts containing plagiarized text are retracted from the journal website after careful investigation and approval by the Journal's Editor-in-Chief. A 'Retraction Note'(briefly describing the reason for retraction) and a link to the original study are published with the plagiarized manuscript on journal’s website.

Below are the essentials of Lifescience Global’s publishing ethics for all groups involved in its publishing process:

Editors' Ethical Responsibilities:

• Editors-in-Chief of Lifescience Global are responsible for making critical editorial decisions on all peer-reviewed articles submitted in their journals.
• Although every effort is made to ensure that all published content by Lifescience Global journal is final and reliable to cite, we held our editors responsible for maintaining the transparency of the academic research and record. Therefore, if any case of retraction, rectification, and erratum arises, editors should give special attention to publish the respective note.
• The editor should exclude every sort of conflict of interest for the article that they review. Assessing manuscripts for their scientific quality and intellectual content is their major responsibility. They are ethically required to make unbiased decisions free from any discrimination of race, gender, geographical origin, or religion of the author(s).
• The editor should evaluate all manuscripts factually based on their academic merit and free of any commercial or self-interests.
• The editors should maintain the confidentiality of every submission, and not disclose any information regarding submitted manuscripts before their final publication.
• Promoting research righteousness must be preserved.
• If an editor suspects any misconduct in research, he/she should start its prompt and detailed investigation with respective authority. Editor must follow up the case asking relevant editorial staff till final resolution of the issue.
• Any suspicious activity during peer-review should also be resolved with diligence. Editors are encouraged to view https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/recognising-peer-review-manipulation-cope-infographic.pdf and COPE flowchart in cases of suspected reviewer misconduct in this regard.
• Lifescience Global editors are supposed to manage Competing interest issues according to COPE’s directives, details of which may be found at, https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/u7140/Discussion_document__on_handling_competing_interests.pdf

Reviewers' Ethical Responsibilities:

• Reviewers of Lifescience Global journals are responsible to provide a timely, detailed, constructive, and unbiased evaluation of all manuscripts that they review.
• They must include in their reports whether the manuscript’s writing is relevant, and appropriately concise but clear.
• All reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of the complete review process.
• Reviewers should immediately notify the handling editor of the manuscript about any financial or personal conflict of interest. They may decline to review the manuscript where such a conflict exists.
• Reviewers should pay attention to ethical concerns while reviewing the. In case of suspected unethical publishing practices, such as any ethical violation of participants of the study, or any considerable similarity between a previously published article and the reviewed manuscript should be immediately reported to the concerned editor.

All reviewers are instructed to follow COPE guidelines which may be further viewed at https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers-cope.pdf

Authors' Ethical Responsibilities:

• Authors have the responsibility of ensuring that all works in the manuscript are original and free from any kind of plagiarism.
• The work should not have been published elsewhere (including in any other language) or submitted to any other journal(s) at the time of submission to Lifescience Global.
• Any possible conflict of interest needs to be acknowledged.
• Proper acknowledgments to others’ work must be provided (of any individual, company, or institution).If some content of the article has been used from other sources, adequate permission must be obtained and clearly mentioned in the article.
• Only those who have made any substantial contribution to the presentation or organization of the submitted work should be listed as 'Authors.' At the same time, other contributors should be acknowledged. At least one of the authors should be designated as the corresponding author.
• If authors detect some significant error in their published manuscript by Lifescience Global journal’, it is their responsibility to immediately contact the journals team at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. The assigned editor will then handle the authors’ concerns and resolve the issue.

Publisher's Ethical Responsibilities:

Lifescience Global is dedicated to work with journal editors, defining clearly their relevant roles to ensure appropriate decisions regarding publication procedures and maintaining the transparency of editorial decisions.

Lifescience Global ensures the integrity, autonomy, and originality of each published article concerning:

• Publication ethics and honesty
• Conflict of interests
• Confidentiality
• Article modifications
• Timely publication of content

Guidelines for Reviewers

Manuscripts submitted for publication in Lifescience Global journals are subject to double-blind peer-review. Double-blind reviewing protects the identity of the author and the reviewers by not disclosing their names.

Reviewers are advised to consider the following while managing the review.

Before reviewing an article, make sure that:

• The article you are asked to review and evaluate lies within your area of expertise.
• You have time to complete the peer review process within 2 weeks. If more time is needed, you are supposed to inform the respective editors.
• You have no conflict of interest with the authors or the content of the article. In case there is, you must disclose these to the respective editors.

Below mentioned some guidelines will help you in your evaluation of the manuscript:

• Analyze the article based on the validity and quality of the content. The literature and presentation of the article should also be up to the journal’s policies and standards.
• The title should be appropriate to the contents of the article.
• Make sure that the abstract, introduction, methodology, results and conclusions have been adequately and appropriately dealt by the authors. The data present in the article should be relevant, accurate and clearly elaborated.
• Ensure that enough information is present for the study to be replicated.
• The data analyses should fully support the conclusion of the article. If they do not, the reviewers should explicitly ask for other required evidences and information.
• Special attention should be given to the type of data collected should be given special attention. The statistics and illustrations e.g., figures, graphs, pictures and tables etc should be easily interpreted, authentic and reliable.
• Reviewers may find further guidance by viewing https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/considerations-for-peer-review-cope-flowchart.pdf

IMPORTANT POINTS TO CONSIDER:

Reviewers are required to provide advice essentially on the following points in their review reports:

• Is the manuscript written comprehensively sufficient to be understandable? If not, how could it be improved?
• Have adequate proofs been given for the declarations?
• Have the authors addressed the previous findings moderately?
• Does the paper offer enough details of its methodology to reflect the research?
• Lifescience Global supports authors to publish detailed protocols as supporting knowledge online. Do any distinct techniques used in the manuscript warrant such a protocol?

Reviewers Should be Aware of the Following:

The final decision, regarding the publication of the article is always taken by the editor.

Reviewers must provide detailed comments in their review form so that the authors can understand the reasons for either not accepting their article or sending it back for revision. Detailed comments also make it easier for the editor to take his/her final decision.

Reviewers should abstain from sharing details of the articles with the third parties and permission must be sought from the respective editors if an external referee’s expertise are required for reviewing process.

The reviewers should respect the given deadlines and they may be reminded by our publishing department about their time limit since a prompt review leads to a timely publication.

If the article is not ethically correct or plagiarism is detected, the reviewers should notify the editors immediately.