jtire
Editor’s Choice :Review on Air Cathode in Li-Air Batteries
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Abstract: Lithium-air (Li-air) battery is a promising electrochemical system with unprecedented high energy density. However, many problems and challenges prevent its wide scale application and commercialization. Low oxygen diffusion rates and large voltage gap are two of the main problems in Li-air battery. These two problems are related to the materials used in the air cathode such as porous carbon materials and metallic catalysts. This review seeks to discuss various materials used in the air cathode for Li air batteries. Mechanism of reaction in air cathode will be elucidated and discussed. Keywords: Carbon material, porosity, capacity, catalyst, round-trip efficiency.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Study of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Non Usual Basic Polymeric Resin as Catalyst
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Abstract: Biodiesel is defined as a long-chain mono alkyl (methyl, ethyl or propyl) ester of fatty acids obtained from renewable sources by transesterification reaction using an acid or base. In this work, a basic resin, Amberlyst A26, was used to produce methyl sunflower biodiesel. The iodine value, corrosion to copper, oxidative stability, specific mass, water content, acid value, cloud point and ester composition were evaluated. The heterogeneous catalyst was also characterized to verify its efficiency and its ability to be reused. We used the following analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-rays fluorescence (XRF) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the characteristics of biodiesel made from sunflower oil using resin A26 as a catalyst are in accordance with Brazilian biodiesel regulations, except the oxidative stability. The techniques used to characterize the resin showed that it is possible to reuse the resin after regeneration. Keywords: Biodiesel, sunflower, heterogeneous catalysis, Amberlyst, Anionic resin.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Kitchen Waste Residues as Potential Renewable Biomass Resources for the Production of Multiple Fungal Carbohydrases and Second Generation Bioethanol
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Abstract: Utilization of kitchen waste, the major portion of municipal solid waste for the coproduction of multiple carbohydrases and bioethanol was investigated in this study. Solid-state fermentation was performed to evaluate the potential of various steam pretreated kitchen waste residues as substrates for the coproduction of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, pectinolytic, amylolytic enzymes by a locally isolated strain of Aspergillus niger CJ-5. All the kitchen waste residues simply moistened with water,without the supplementationofexogenous nutrients proved good for the induction of all the enzyme components of a cocktail after96 h incubation. Of all the substrates evaluated, steam pretreated potato peels induced maximum yields corresponding to 69.0±1.92U CMCase, 16.5±0.54U FPase, 44.0±1.28U β-glucosidase, 999.0±28.90U xylanase, 58.2±2.12U mannanase, 120.0±3.72U pectinase, 31520.0±375.78U α-amylase, 482.8±9.82U glucoamylase/g dry substrate (gds). Saccharification of residues using inhouse produced crude enzyme cocktail resulted in the release of 610±10.56, 570±8.89, 435±6.54, 475±4.56, 445±4.27, 385±4.49, 370±6.89, 490±10.45 mg of total reducing sugars/g of dried potato peels, orange peels, pineapple peels, mausami peels, onion peels, banana stalks, pea pods and composite mixture respectively revealing carbohydrate conversion efficiencies in the range of 97.0-99.4%. After fermentation of released hexoses, alcohol yields ranging from 80±1.069 - 262±7.86 µL/gds were obtained. Keywords: Kitchen waste, Carbohydrases,Pretreatment, Enzymatic hydrolysis,Bioethanol.Download Full Article |
