Abstract: This paper highlights the contributions of ordinary citizens to the development of a developing country – Bangladesh. The article discusses the contributions made by two ordinary citizens of Bangladesh, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain and Khondker Azizur Rahman Salim, toward building the society. It is argued in this paper that the participation of ordinary citizens in the development of a society is important. While the elites of a society may lay down the strategy, and sometimes the policies for developing such a society, ordinary citizens on their own can, in fact, play an important role in those regards. This paper highlights the strategies adopted by those two common citizens. It also chronicles their sufferings, sacrifices and achievements. The paper concludes that while the contributions made by Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain is celebrated, those of Khondker Azizur Rahman Salim remains unrecognised by the Bangladesh society. The paper adopts qualitative research method. Information about Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain have been collected from works done by her and by others on her. Khondker Azizur Rahman was interviewed both in Dhaka, Bangladesh and Maryland, the United States, where he currently lives.

Keywords: Ordinary Citizens, Contributions, Development, Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, Khondker Azizur Rahman Salim, Bangladesh.

Abstract: This paper is an empirically grounded theoretical critique of the idea of the “regulatory state.” The language of the “regulatory state” obscures the nature of the modern state as a constitutive “thing.” The modern state is crucially constituted through the co-productions of science and government. It needs to be investigated in terms of its discursive, practiced, and material dimensions, its meanings, its agencies, and its formation as a material entity composed of land, people and built environment. This critique is needed because the idea of the regulatory state too often leaves implicit the notion that capitalism exists prior to the state, and is thus only “regulated” as such post-hoc. The methods used are those of historical sociological case based analytics, utilizing archival materials. The purpose is to challenge the taken-for-granted distinction between the state and capitalist social organization. The implications for further research are the need to delve deeper into the complex entanglements of state and society, and the ironic role that science as culture played in constructing both those concrete entanglements and the abstract bounded categories that obscure them..

Keywords: Regulation, technoscience, capitalism, state formation, constitutive view.