JBAS Articles

JBASV8N2A51- Gamma Radiation Effect on Commercial Reactive Dye in the Range 0-100KGy Using the Idea of the De-Coloration Factor and Extinction Coefficient

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

Gamma Radiation Effect on Commercial Reactive Dye in the Range 0-100KGy Using the Idea of the De-Coloration Factor and Extinction Coefficient.
Taqmeem Hussain, Muhammad Attique Khan Shahid, Muhammad Shahbaz, Inam-ul-Haq and Hashim Farooq

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.51

Abstract: In this study the usability of aqueous solutions of SR C4BLN and SGY CRL dyes; as secondary dosimeter was checked using the novel idea of de-coloration factor and extinction coefficient. All samples were irradiated by Co60 γ-source in the range 0-105Gy. Absorbance of solutions was noted at λmax for pre and post irradiation stages. The λmax of Red and Yellow dyes were 545nm and 448nm respectively. The absorbance%, extinction coefficient and %age of de-coloration factor for each dye were determined. The results showed a gradual decrease in Absorbance% and extinction coefficient while decrease in %age of de-coloration factor with the increase in absorbed dose which confirms the said dyes as secondary dosimeter in stable and safe mode.

Keywords: Chemical dosimeters, SR C4BLN, SGY CRL, dosimetry, Absorbance %age, extinction coefficient, de-coloration factor.

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The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan

Tabassum Nasir and Nisar Ahmad

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.29

Abstract: Radon concentration and its exhalation rate has been measured from twenty five soil samples collected from seven different locations of Dera Ismail Khan, in the north west of Pakistan. These samples were crushed after drying and passed through sieves with different sizes of pores to get three grain sizes, £0.595 mm, 0.595-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.00 mm of soil. CR-39 based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters have been used to measure the radon concentration and exhalation rates. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has found to be: (3.57±0.38) Bq m-2 hr-1 in the samples having grain size 2.00-4.00 mm and the minimum as: (2.21±0.26) Bq m-2 hr-1, in the samples with grain size £ 0.0595 mm. This indicates that the radon exhalation rate increases with the grain size. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has been found in samples collected from river side where soil texture is silty clay loam. The obtained values of radon exhalation rate for all the samples are well below the world average value of 57.60 Bq m-2 hr-1.

Keywords: Radon concentration, Radon exhalation rate, grain size, soil texture.

JBASV8N2A48- Study of Arabian Seawater Temperature Fluctuations

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

Study of Arabian Seawater Temperature Fluctuations

M. Arif Hussain, Shaheen Abbas, M. Rashid Kamal Ansari and Asma Zaffar

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.48

Abstract: It is well known that the ocean has an important role in climate variability and change. To study the variations in sea-surface temperature (SST) of Arabian sea near Karachi coastal region, we apply the probability distributions theory as it gives more insights of SST fluctuating behavior. In this regard the adequacy of Normal. Gamma, and Lognormal probability distributions is tested with the help of Kolmogorov-Smirnov D-test. It is found that most of the months of the year follow Normal probability distribution, whereas April, August, October, and November follow Lognormal probability distribution. Further, using the distribution parameters mean and standard deviations of monthly SST are also calculated, which come out to be (23.33 ± 0.316), (23.19 ± 0.300), (24.36 ± 0.312), (26.27 ± 0.360), (28.31 ± 0.325), (29.19 ± 0.347), (28.64 ± 0.346), (27.38 ± 0.364), (27.34 ± 0.322), (27.61 ± 0.311), (26.43 ± 0.352), (24.65 ± 0.380).

Keywords: Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) Average Seawater Temperature Data (AVTD), Arabian Monthly Average Seawater Temperature (AMAST).

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The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan

Tabassum Nasir and Nisar Ahmad

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.29

Abstract: Radon concentration and its exhalation rate has been measured from twenty five soil samples collected from seven different locations of Dera Ismail Khan, in the north west of Pakistan. These samples were crushed after drying and passed through sieves with different sizes of pores to get three grain sizes, £0.595 mm, 0.595-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.00 mm of soil. CR-39 based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters have been used to measure the radon concentration and exhalation rates. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has found to be: (3.57±0.38) Bq m-2 hr-1 in the samples having grain size 2.00-4.00 mm and the minimum as: (2.21±0.26) Bq m-2 hr-1, in the samples with grain size £ 0.0595 mm. This indicates that the radon exhalation rate increases with the grain size. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has been found in samples collected from river side where soil texture is silty clay loam. The obtained values of radon exhalation rate for all the samples are well below the world average value of 57.60 Bq m-2 hr-1.

Keywords: Radon concentration, Radon exhalation rate, grain size, soil texture.

JBASV8N2A47- Pollutants of Wastewater Characteristics in Textile Industries

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

 Pollutants of Wastewater Characteristics in Textile Industries

S.M. Imtiazuddin, Majid Mumtaz and Khalil A. Mallick

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.47

Abstract: Textile Industry is one of the most important and largest industrial sectors in Pakistan. It has a high importance in terms of its environment impact, since it consumes large quantity of textile industrial processed water and produces highly polluted discharge water. The textile industry uses high volume of water throughout its operation, from the washing of fibers to bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing and washing of finished products. A process data collection was performed and integrated with a characterization of the process effluents in terms of treatability and reusability. In order to evaluate properly the wastewater loading, on analysis course was set. The samples were collected during four months period of time i.e. November, December, January and February 2009-2010 from the seven samples were collected from different textile mills and analyzed for various parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD), Biochemical Oxygen demand(BOD), pH, Electrical Conductivity(EC), and heavy metals like Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Copper(Cu), Iron(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Nickel(Ni), Potassium(K), Phosphorous(P), Sodium(Na), Sulphur(S), Zinc(Zn) were found in within the limits. Concentrations of all these metal ions in the effluent were above the recommended NEQS. It was therefore concluded that textile effluents were highly polluted.

Keywords: Textile wastewater, pollutant, analysis.

 

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The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan

Tabassum Nasir and Nisar Ahmad

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.29

Abstract: Radon concentration and its exhalation rate has been measured from twenty five soil samples collected from seven different locations of Dera Ismail Khan, in the north west of Pakistan. These samples were crushed after drying and passed through sieves with different sizes of pores to get three grain sizes, £0.595 mm, 0.595-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.00 mm of soil. CR-39 based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters have been used to measure the radon concentration and exhalation rates. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has found to be: (3.57±0.38) Bq m-2 hr-1 in the samples having grain size 2.00-4.00 mm and the minimum as: (2.21±0.26) Bq m-2 hr-1, in the samples with grain size £ 0.0595 mm. This indicates that the radon exhalation rate increases with the grain size. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has been found in samples collected from river side where soil texture is silty clay loam. The obtained values of radon exhalation rate for all the samples are well below the world average value of 57.60 Bq m-2 hr-1.

Keywords: Radon concentration, Radon exhalation rate, grain size, soil texture.

JBASV8N2A44- Measurement of Annual Effective Doses of Radon from Drinking Water and Dwellings by CR-39 Track Detectors in Kulachi City of Pakistan

Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences  -   Volume 8 Number 2

Measurement of Annual Effective Doses of Radon from Drinking Water and Dwellings by CR-39 Track Detectors in Kulachi City of Pakistan

Tabassum Nasir and Mujtaba Shah

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.44

Abstract: Radon concentration and annual effective doses were measured in drinking water and dwellings of Kulachi city of Pakistan. Twenty samples of drinking water were collected from various sources i.e. tap water, pond water, hand pump and tube well water. CR-39 (Columbia Resin-39) based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters were used to measure the radon concentration. Among the various types of samples, the maximum average value of radon concentration was detected (1.218±0.005 Bq/L) in tube well water while the minimum average value was (0.602±0.003 Bq/L) in tap water. The annual effective dose was calculated from the measured radon concentration which varied from 4.39 × 10-3 to 8.89 × 10-3 mSv/y. The measured values of radon concentration as well as the annual effective dose were found within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits.

In order to carry out radon survey in dwelling, thirty CR-39 based NRPB dosimeters were installed in various buildings in the area under study. The maximum measured indoor radon concentration was found to be 270±22 Bq/m3 while the minimum was 21±2 Bq/ m3. The mean value of indoor radon concentration in bed rooms was 98 Bq/m3 which was within the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommended limits however, maximum concentration of 240 Bq/m3 was observed in a mud made room which was above the US-EPA and WHO new recommended limits. The mean annual effective dose from indoor radon was found to be 1.546 mSv/y which was within the ICRP recommended limits.

Keywords: Drinking water, Dwellings, CR-39, NRPB dosimeters, Radon concentration, Annual effective dose.

 

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The Effect of Grain Size on Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples of Dera Ismail Khan in Pakistan

Tabassum Nasir and Nisar Ahmad

http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.29

Abstract: Radon concentration and its exhalation rate has been measured from twenty five soil samples collected from seven different locations of Dera Ismail Khan, in the north west of Pakistan. These samples were crushed after drying and passed through sieves with different sizes of pores to get three grain sizes, £0.595 mm, 0.595-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.00 mm of soil. CR-39 based NRPB (National Radiological Protection Board) radon dosimeters have been used to measure the radon concentration and exhalation rates. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has found to be: (3.57±0.38) Bq m-2 hr-1 in the samples having grain size 2.00-4.00 mm and the minimum as: (2.21±0.26) Bq m-2 hr-1, in the samples with grain size £ 0.0595 mm. This indicates that the radon exhalation rate increases with the grain size. The maximum average value of radon exhalation rate has been found in samples collected from river side where soil texture is silty clay loam. The obtained values of radon exhalation rate for all the samples are well below the world average value of 57.60 Bq m-2 hr-1.

Keywords: Radon concentration, Radon exhalation rate, grain size, soil texture.