ijcs
Abstract : Characteristics of Cyberaggression among College Student Minorities: Exploring Pervasiveness and Impact through Mixed-Methods
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Abstract: Despite proximity to researchers, minority college students have not been well represented in cyber-aggressive studies. The present cross-cultural study uses mixed-methods to better understand how emerging adults are impacted from cyberbullying experiences (victims and/or bullies). All students (N=1,110) were between 18-25 years (m=20.5) with close to 50% being Hispanic (N=532). Results indicate self-control and self-esteem are important predictors in cyberbullying involvement, particularly among Hispanic cybervictims. Depression and suicidal ideation also served as significant predictors in involvement for cybervictimization. Through open-ended and coded responses, several themes emerged, such as being unable to focus on academics, avoiding individuals or groups because of victimization, low self-esteem, and loss of trust. Results and implications are discussed as well as recommendations for future research. Keywords: Cyberbullying, Cyberagression, Communication violence, Suicidal ideation, Mixed-methods. |
Abstract : Adolescent Risk-Taking Behaviors and School Performance: Distinguishing the Experiences of Boys and Girls
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Abstract: Previous studies have examined the risk-taking behaviors of adolescents and their impact upon a variety of outcomes, yet comparatively few have addressed educational consequences. Using a nationally representative sample of American high school seniors, this study examines how risk-taking behaviors are associated with school performance, and how this relationship may vary by gender. Framed within the life-course perspective, the analyses reveal that while adolescent boys engage in significantly higher levels of delinquency and substance use, the consequences of such behavior appear to be greater for girls. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as the gendered nature of risk-taking. Keywords: Adolescence, Risk-Taking, Delinquency, Substance Use, Gender. |
Abstract : Drug Use among a Sample of Federal Drug Crime Defendants: Implications for the Gateway Effect Hypothesis
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Abstract: This study investigated the association between marijuana first before other drugs and alcohol and later hard drug among a convenience sample of federal drug crime defendants from one federal court in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Results from two binomial logistic regression models revealed statistically significant associations between first use of marijuana and regular drug use and hard drug use, respectively. Findings suggests a gateway effect for marijuana within this sample. Keywords: Marijuana, Gateway Effect Hypothesis, Federal Drug Crime Defendants, Hard Drug Use, Regular Drug Use. |
Abstract : Hybrid Courts and Multilevel Rules of Law: Some Overall Considerations, Challenges and Opportunities
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Abstract: Hybrid courts are the third generation of international criminal bodies. Their hybrid nature makes them distinctive in the international judicial order. They combine domestic and international law; legal infrastructures; personnel at national and international level etc. They are praised in literature for overcoming resource and domestic legal infrastructural challenges and at the same time they stay close to the domestic legal order, and they satisfy the application of international criminal law in the specific cases. In addition, hybrid courts are instrumental in the process of transitional justice towards rule of law based societies. The concept of rule of law is contested. It can vaguely be defined as supremacy of law and it can be approached from various angles. The article claims that rule of law is a moral and/or political maxim with substantive values as it must provide both individuals and the public access to justice; it must provide a degree of equality of the subjects of law; it must provide predictability and legal certainty; it requires transparent procedures and impartial third party dispute mechanisms; and it must ensure the functionality of the legal system. Rule of law is further challenged when it is taken into the statist international sphere and into international criminal law. Where hybrid courts can serve the rule of law, they are also faced with rule of law challenges by governmental interference and by finding a balance between national and international law. Keywords: International criminal law, Hybrid courts, Rule of law. |
