jbas
Abstract : Spatial Distribution and Trends of Fertility Differentials in Toba Tek Singh District, Punjab-Pakistan
|
|
|
Abstract: This study examines socio-economic and demographic factors as fertility differentials and draws conclusions upon data collected from some selected rural and urban localities of Toba Tek Sing-Punjab. The analysis carried to examine change in fertility trends and preferences in relation to children ever born to currently married women. The ideal family size from the both localities is 3.98 which, is still reckoned high as compared to the (NGRP) National Growth Rate in Pakistan which is 3.80. The dependent variable is reproductive preference measured by a single indicator- ideal no. of children and gender in both urban and rural localities as same study was conducted by National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) in 1990-91 and 2006-07. In Pakistan number of demographic surveys has revealed that woman of reproductive age generally prefer more children than their own preferred family size. The aim of this study is to contribute into the existing literature on the geographical patterns of fertility differentials in a district of the Punjab. This will help planners to formulate more effective fertility related policies and programmes in the country. This is also a continuum of DHS conducted in mid 1980s to elaborate fertility patterns among married couples. The goal is to dig deeper into the relationship between education and fertility has been a central focus within demography and related social sciences. Higher education is associated with higher age at first birth and lower number of children discussed the implication of findings in the context of policy framework to enhance the public awareness about the small family in context with high quality life. Higher fertility in a country like Pakistan is rooted in cultural believes about children and number, pre-natal control measures should be targeted more at women attitude to large family. This is to provide policy makers with an understanding of the potential demand for fertility control and help in formulating policies to reduce fertility and improve socio-economic climate of the district. Keywords: Spatial, Fertility, Differentials, Fecundity, Urban, Rural, Punjab. |
Abstract : Screening of Different Varieties of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) against Sucking Insect Pests
|
|
|
Abstract: The screening of different varieties is one of the key strategies used in Integrated Pest Management to control the insect population and to escape the use of synthetic insecticides. This study was aimed to screen different okra varieties against sucking insect pest complex such as thrip, jassid, aphid, whitefly and mealybug. The experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Tandojam. The varieties such as Rama Krishna, Silky-460 and Bharat Kawairi were cultivated in RCBD layout and each treatment was replicated five times. The results revealed that the most infested variety was Bharat Kaiwari followed by Silky-460 and Rama Krishna throughout the experimental period. The highest mean population of the sucking insect pests (thrip, jassid, aphid, whitefly and mealybug) was 9.61±0.35, 3.22±0.13, 18.33±0.50, 3.25±0.15 and 3.75±0.19 respectively was observed on Bharat Kaiwari and the lowered on Rama Krishna. However, the attack of aphid was prominent on all okra varieties and overall pest attack was higher in the month of June. Similarly, the co-efficient correlation analysis showed a positive relationship of temperature and humidity (r= 0.012; r = 0.128) with thrip population whereas there was a negative relationship between temperature and humidity with remaining sucking pests. Both jassid and mealybug population indicated a significant difference with temperature. Similarly, relative humidity displayed a significant impact on population of mealybug (r = 0.365) and aphid (r = -0.096). Thus, it could be concluded based on the results that Rama Krishna is the most resistance against sucking insect pests as compared to Silky-460 and Bharat Kaiwairi. Keywords: Okra, Sucking pests, Varieties, Population. |
Abstract : The Effect of the Different Transgenic BT Cotton Technology on the Fiber Quality
|
|
|
Abstract: Transgenic crops that contain Cry genes from B. thuringiensis (Bt) were commercialized in many countries and widely adopted by farmers over the last 17 years. The cultivation of transgenic crops expressing B. thuringiensis (Bt) toxins to control insect pests provides both economical and environmental benefits from reductions in chemical insecticide use, effective control of pests and minimal impact on non-target organisms. The objective of this research was to know the effect of different transgenic Bt cotton on the fiber quality of different Bt cotton varieties. Three transgenic Bt cotton varieties CCR141, CCRI79 and Bollgard II were planted in the field of Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2012 and 2013. Randomly 50 bolls lint sample were collected from top, middle and bottom of the cotton plants. The fiber obtained from the boll samples was used to measure the cotton fiber staple length (mm), staple elongation (%), staple micronaire value, staple strength (cN/tex) and staple uniformity (%) by using HVI equipment at Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of cotton Quality, China. The result shows that lint quality characters of transgenic cotton varieties were not significantly affected compared with conventional non Bt variety during 2012 and 2013 but fiber strength is significantly affected during 2013. In conclusion there was no effect of transgenic Bt cotton on the fiber quality of cotton during 2012 and 2013. Keywords: Transgenic Bt cotton, Lint quality, Fiber characters, Cry gene. |
Abstract : Analysis of Water Shortage and Socioeconomic Impacts on Jujube Growers of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, Sindh Pakistan
|
|
|
Abstract: Water plays a vital role not only for survival of human being but it is also important for crops, animal and every creature which lives on the universe. Therefore; water shortage has some negative impacts on socioeconomic condition of jujube growers. Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) locally called ‘Beer’, is a native fruit of South Asia. Produced in moderate regions of different countries in the world: such as China, India, Pakistan, Syria, Malacca, Australia and Malaysia, Afghanistan, Iran and Russia. China is perhaps the most important country for jujube cultivation, where it is known as the “Chinese dates”, with hundreds of varieties, some being seedless. the study was conducted at Taluka Hyderabad Rural. Samples were randomly carried out from six villages (ten growers from each village) were selected, so the total sample size was 60 in numbers. Results exposed that education level of growers were primary 48 percent, secondary 27 percent, higher 18 percent and illiterate 7 percent respectively. Pattern of farming of growers in study area states that majority 29 percent of producer’s were full time and 71 percent of respondents were part time engaged in jujube growers. Mostly 67 percent of jujube farmers belong to medium income group, 18 percent were high income group and 15 percent were very low income group. Canal water unavailability to growers was 43 percent in study area. So government should take action to provide them excess of water for earning maximum profit Keywords: Water, Impact, Jujube, Input output Ratio, Cost Benefit Ratio, Pakistan. |
