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Abstract : The Role of Potassium in Plants under Drought Stress: Mini Review
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Abstract: : Drought stress is a major catastrophe to plant productivity. Drought stress significantly reduces the crop yield and quality, and probably exceeds losses from all other stresses. Potassium (K+) is an essential nutrient and affects the growth and development, and it also contribute significantly towards plants survival under drought stress. In this mini review we discussed the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying K induced alleviation of drought stress. Keywords: Potassium, drought stress, stomata, water uptake, membrane stability, oxidative stress. |
Abstract : Clinical Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Disease in Small Ruminants at the Urban Areas of Hyderabad, Sindh
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Abstract:Peste des Petits Ruminants is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, caused by Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV), spreading worldwide in these days. Thus, current study was planned to check the prevalence percentage of PPR in small ruminants especially in goat and sheep surrounding the urban areas of Hyderabad district of Pakistan. A total of two hundred goat (n=200) were examined during study period. The highest prevalence percentage was observed for PPR (35%) followed by respiratory tract infection (17%), urine incontinence (10%), tympany (9.5%) and indigestion (6%). The prevalence percentage of fracture (1.5%) was lowest among all followed by retained placenta (2%), dystokia (2.5%), mastitis (3%) and abortion (3.5%). Whereas, wound (4.5%) and enterotoxaemia (5.5%) showed moderate prevalence. Similarly, a total two hundred sheep (n=200) were examined and prevalence of different disorders in sheep was found quietly different from the goat. The PPR appeared to be most prevalent problem (30%) in sheep too followed by indigestion (15.5%), respiratory tract infection (13.5%), tympany (12.5%) and wound (7.5%). Fracture appeared as least prevalent problem (1%) followed by dystokia (1.5%), retained placenta (3%), mastitis (3.5%) and abortion (5%). The moderate prevalence was of enterotoxaemia (7%); where, as prevalence of urine incontinence was recorded zero (0%). Overall Prevalence percentages of different disorders in both species indicate that PPR (32.5%) appeared as most prevalent disease followed by respiratory tract infections (15.25%), tympany (11%), indigestion (10.75%) and enterotoxaemia (6.25%). Furthermore; fracture appeared as least prevalent complaint (1.25%) followed by dystokia (2%), retained placenta (2.5%), mastitis (3.25%) and dystokia (4.25%). As for as urine incontinence (5%) and enterotxaemia (6.25%) are concerned, their prevalence was found moderate. No doubt PPR is one of the major emerging issue for small ruminant production therefore current study was planned to provide a proper baseline information so that infected heads could be identified on very early stage for their timely cure and prevention. Keywords: Pneumonia, anamnesis, diagnosis, contagious disease, auscultation. |
Abstract : Evaluation of Raised-Bed and Conventional Irrigation Systems for Yield and Water Productivity of Wheat Crop
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Abstract: A study was conducted at Drainage and Reclamation Institute of Pakistan (DRIP), Tandojam in a clay loam soil. The treatments include raised-bed irrigation system (T1) and conventional irrigation system (T2). The experiment was laid down using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The total area under experiment for each treatment and replication was 1004.65 m2 and 334.88 m2 respectively. Groundwater quality of experimental sight was slightly saline. Results of the experiment showed that there was highly significant difference in volume of water applied, yield and water productivity of wheat crop under the raised-bed and conventional irrigation systems. Both water saving (50.73%) and water productivity (54.37%) of wheat crop was higher under raised-bed irrigation system. The raised-bed irrigation system obtained 24.65% higher yield compared to conventional irrigation system. All other parameters were also higher under the raised-bed irrigation system. Thus raised-bed irrigation system is recommended to achieve higher yield and water productivity of wheat crop and to save water particularly in a clay loam soil. Keywords: Raised bed irrigation system, Conventional irrigation system, Water productivity, Water saving, Yield, Wheat crop. |
Abstract : PGPR Inoculated-Seed Increases the Productivity of Forage Sorghum under Fertilized Conditions
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Abstract: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used for seed inoculation. This study was carried out to determine the influence of seed inoculation with PGPR and different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels on the productivity and quality of fodder sorghum. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial arrangement at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during, 2014. The experiment composed of N and P levels such as 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended doses ha-1 and seed inoculation with PGPR1 (Azotobacter brasilense+Pseudomonas fluorescens) and PGPR2 (Azotobacter chroococcum+Pseudomonas flurescens) with un-inoculated seeds as control. The results revealed that application of N and P, and seed inoculation appreciably increased the productivity and quality of sorghum. Maximum green fodder yield (63.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.51 t ha-1), crude protein (11.02%) and ash contents (8.97%) were recorded with recommended dose of NP. Regarding seed inoculation maximum green fodder yield (62.40 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.09 t ha-1), crude protein (10.59%) and ash contents (9.07%) were recorded with PGPR1. In conclusion, application of recommended dose of NP and seed inoculation with PGPR1 significantly improved the forage productivity and quality of sorghum. Keywords: PGRP, Fertilizers, Sorghum, Yield, Quality. |
