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Abstract : Lingual Distribution of Tuberculosis Patients in Karachi - A Demographic Analysis
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Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to investigate tuberculosis patients’ demographic distribution including their sociocultural impacts among various ethnic groups in the study area. Data was collected through questionnaire survey (interviewing patients) at TB diagnostic centers in the study area over a period of eight months (March to October 2013). Analysis was made with the help of Microsoft excel and SPSS version 20 for demographic analysis.The questionnaire survey revealed the respondents in terms of languages as Urdu (33.28), Sindhi (20.63), Punjabi (14.98), Pashtu (11.48), Seraiki (10.48%) and other languages 14.81. Researchers have identified other languages (which included, Hindko, Balti, Persian, Brahvi, Marwari, Gilgiti, Gujrati) as being the most vulnerable/impoverished lingual groups in the study area. Demographically, Urdu speaking TB patients were recorded as 53% females, but the case of Sindhi speaking female patients was slightly high (50.81%) compared to males. Punjabi speaking patients were found to number almost similar to the Urdu speaking patients as the percentage of females was 52.22%. Pashtu speaking females amounted to 44.9 %, while males recorded highest percentage i.e. 55.07%. The occurrence of TB in the purview of lingual distribution of population in Karachi provides an insight into the transmission of the disease especially in the context of the global as well as local environment, cultural and politico-economic scenario. Keywords: Lingual, tuberculosis, demographic, Karachi, socioeconomic.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Comparative Toxicities of Hydrastis Canadensis L., Berberis aristata DC. and Achillea millefolium L. Against Brine Shrimps (Artemia salina) Using Dosage Mortality Curve: A Probit Approach
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Abstract: Hydrastis canadensis, Berberis aristata DC. and Achillea millefolium were compared for their toxicities against brine shrimps (Artemia salina). After applying statistical method of probits to the experimental data, H. canadensis was found to be the most toxic with the LC50of 3.236 mg/ml, while, B. aristata showed moderate toxic potential showing that of 60.264 mg/ml and A. millefolium manifested the highest value, that is, 41297.5 mg/ml. Keywords: Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberis aristata DC. and Achillea millefolium L., invitrotoxicity assay, Artemia salina, Probit, LC50.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Determination of Weibull Parameter by Four Numerical Methods and Prediction of Wind Speed in Jiwani (Balochistan)
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Abstract: In this paper we determine the Weibull parameters (k and c) using four methods. Method of Moments, Empirical Method, Energy Pattern Method and Maximum likelihood Method have been employed to determine and compare the values of k and c. The daily wind speed data (obtained from Karachi Meteorological office) of Jiwani (Balochistan, Pakistan) town over a period of 10 years (1998-2007) is used to estimate the Weibull parameters. The mean wind speed was predicted using k and c by four methods. A significant agreement is found in measured and predicted mean wind speed. Keywords: Wind energy, Weibull distribution, Weibull Parameters.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Usage Possibilities of Diatomite in the Concrete Production for Agricultural Buildings
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Abstract: Construction materials evidently affect economy, strength, durability, safety and expediency of constructions. Selecting locally available material will bring a cost-advantage to structures built in rural parts. Such a case is especially valid for agricultural structures. In present study, effects of a natural pozzolan, diatomite admixture on concrete workability characteristics, setting duration and behavior under axial loading were investigated and possible use of diatomite-blended concrete as a light-weight construction material in agricultural structures was evaluated. This research was carried out in Tokat/Turkey in 2012. Concrete samples were prepared by using different admixture ratios of diatomite as a light-weight aggregate with standard sand and crashed sand aggregates. Water/cement ratios of mixtures were determined by taking a constant slump value into consideration. Unit weight, compressive strength and water absorption test were carried out over the samples. According to the results, unit weight, compressive strengths and water absorption in 150, 200 and 250 doses changed with increasing diatomite contents, respectively, from 1470 kg/m3 to 2210 kg/m3, from 20.45 MPa to 1.14 MPa, from 6.04% to 23.85%. Results revealed significant cost-savings by using diatomite aggregate to produce light-weight concrete blocks to be used in agricultural structures. It was also concluded that such blocks might provide significant insulative advantages for heat-balance of livestock barns.. Keywords: Agriculture Structures, diatomite, light-weight aggregate, light-weight concrete, pozzolan.Download Full Article |
