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Abstract - Does Subsistence Farming Ameliorate Hunger in Urban Areas? A Quantitative Examination of Urban Areas in South Africa
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Abstract: Africa, with its growing urban population, faces the problem of increased demand for food in urban areas and pressure on urban food systems. Lack of employment opportunities, rising levels of urban poverty and food costs further compounds the urban food problem resulting in high levels of urban hunger and consequently food insecurity. Using the General Household Surveys from 2015 to 2017, we examine the association between subsistence farming practices and hunger in urban South Africa. We estimate three models for hunger at the household level; child hunger, adult hunger and hunger in either adult or child. The findings reveal that female-headed households are more likely to engage in subsistence farming. Women, children and the unemployed are at risk of hunger. We find no association between subsistence farming and hunger in urban areas. Measures of economic welfare; incomes, employment and a household member receiving a social grant are significantly associated with the absence of hunger. The results point to the fact that new urban residents as a matter of necessity need the means to earn an income as this is critical in safeguarding them from hunger. Keywords: Hunger, subsistence farming, urban agriculture, food security, urbanisation. |
Abstract - Financial Capability of Accounting Students in South African Universities
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Abstract: This study surveyed 1582 students studying Accounting degrees at universities in South Africa to assess their financial capability levels and intra-component drivers of financial capability. The study utilised statistical methods such as structural equation modelling technique was used to determine drivers of financial capability; regression analysis was further done to examine relationships between the students’ mean percentage scores and their socio-demographic factors. The findings of the study suggest that accounting students are highly financially capable. It was further found that financial capability is driven by financial attitude; financial behaviour, and numeracy skills of the accounting students. In addition, the study found education, level of study, and race as statistically significant and socio-demographic influences of financial capability. This study suggests that financial capability can be further improved via improvements in financial attitude, financial behaviour, numeracy skills and education among racial groups in South Africa. Keywords: Financial capability, financial behaviour, financial knowledge, financial attitude, Numeracy skills, accounting students. |
Abstract - The Cashless Economy in Vietnam - The Situation and Policy Implications
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Abstract: A cashless economy is one where purchases and transactions are done mainly by electronic means and seldom by cash (Ejiofor and Rasaki 2012). Vietnam has now joined the Better Than Cash Alliance (Betterthancash.org 2017) and the ambitious goal of the government is in 2020, the proportion of cash on total payment means is lower than 10% (Vu 2018). Non-cash payment - a pillar of the cashless economy - has become a very popular means of payment in the world and is expanded used commonly in Vietnam. Through researching payment via mobile banking (MB), we surveyed of over 140 people in Da Nang city to find out demographic characteristics, the most used cashless payment features, as well as the ratio of cashless payment to total spending. The situation was evaluated and several important policy implications were proposed for Vietnamese government. Keywords: Cashless economy, Non-cash payment, Shadow economy. |
Abstract - Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Cash Holdings of Top 50 Listed Firms in Vietnam Stock Exchange
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Abstract: This study investigates the impact of macroeconomic uncertainty on cash holdings of top 50 listed firms in Vietnam Stock Exchange. The average of natural logarithm of inflation rate, change in exchange rate, deficit to GNP, and external debt to GNP ratio is used for macroeconomic uncertainty while the ratio of cash and cash equivalent to total assets measures firm cash holdings.Using a dataset of 300 observations from top 50 listed firms in both Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Hanoi stock Exchange from 2013-2018, the paper employs the basic quantitative methods of Pooled Ordinary Least Squared, Fxed effects model, and Random effects model for analysis. The results indicate that higher macroeconomic uncertainty may lead to higher cash holdings of listed firms in Vietnam Stock Exchange. Some other determinants of firm cash holdings can be named as firm size, the ratio of market and booked value of firm, cash flow, net working capital, firm investment, leverage, and firm dividend. One macroeconomic indicator (the growth rate of money supply) is also found to have positive impacts of cash holdings of firms in Vietnam Stock Exchange. Keywords: Cash holdings, Macroeconomic uncertainty, Firms, Dividend, Money supply. |
