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Abstract : Study on Eating Habits and Physical Activity Status in Turkey
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Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate eating habits and physical activity status of Turkish population, and to determine nutritional changes. This study was conducted in 12 provinces of 11 regions of NUTS level 1 via a face-to-face interview using a pre-prepared questionnaire and included 1536 subjects aged >15 years with different socioeconomic statuses who eat out at least once in a month. Of the subjects, 33.6% were overweight, 18.4% were obese and 48% had normal weight.
The rates of subjects calculating calorie intake (8.4%) and reading nutrition facts label (29.1%) were increased with increasing BMI. The most frequently consumed foods were bread, cheese and olive at breakfast, bread, soup, salad, yoghurt, and pilaf at lunch and toast, sandwiches, and Turkish bagels at snacks.
The mean duration of meals was <30 min in 85.8% of the subjects.
The most commonly consumed non-alcoholic beverages were tea (95.7%), coffee (58.7%), Turkish yoghurt drink (56.1%), and carbonated beverages (48.3%). Milk consumption was low (20.2%).
Alcohol consumption rate was 26.6%. The rate of subjects doing sports was 14.8%, which decreased with increasing age and BMI. In Turkish population, eating habits continued to be traditional, eating awareness and the rate of sport activities were very low. Keywords: Nutrition, physical activity, obesity.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Smoking and Nutrition
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Abstract: Smoking cigarettes is considered as a world-wide problem, which is not only medical, but also social. Addiction to nicotine causes chronic and often relapsed diseases, which are interconnected with many other illnesses and which frequently result in the death. Smoking cigarettes causes not only a disease (which does not occur so often in the case of non-smokers), but it also influences life style of smokers. It has been proved that smokers’ eating behaviour is more risky (they eat more fried food, less vegetables and fruits...), therefore they are more likely to fall ill with the non-infectious mass disease. Keywords: Cigarette smoking, nutrition, eating habits, micro (macro) nutrients, smoking cessation, lifestyle.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Application of Fish Collagen and Gelatin: A Review
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Abstract: In last decade, more research has been conducted in order to find the better way for utilizing the wastes product generated from food processing industries. The increasing demand of industrial by-products is one of the main reasons for the conversion of these wastes into valuable products. Among the different valuable products from the waste, the extraction of collagen and gelatin could be a better way of utilizing the wastes, due to their effective applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. The most abundant source of collagen and gelatin are land-based animals, such as cow and pig. However, the extraction of collagen and gelatin from non-mammalian sources such as fish has been high influences in current society due to some religious and disease transmission issues. Many studies have dealt with the extraction and functional properties of collagen and gelatin from fish wastes. The present work is a compilation of information on biomedical and pharmaceutical application of collagen and gelatin from fish processing wastes. Keywords: Collagen, gelatin, tissue engineering, wound healing, coatings.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Incidence of Binge Drinking in a Cohort of University Students of the South-East Region of Brazil, 2010-2011
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Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of binge and at-risk alcohol consumption among new-entrant students in a public university in the South-East Region of Brazil. Methods: Longitudinal study undertaken with a random sample of undergraduates (N=1,168) in the first semesters of 2010 (n=256) and 2011 (n=183). In order to evaluate drinking patterns, participants were classified as abstainers, light, moderate, binge or heavy binge drinkers. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire score was used to define the risk categories for consumption: low risk, risk, harmful use and probable dependence. Statistical analysis was undertaken using Stata software, version 11.0. Results: Amongst the 256 students evaluated, 51.6% were women and 64.5% were aged ≥19 years. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages was 75.8%. The average age of onset of alcohol consumption was 15.7±1.9 years. The incidence of binge + heavy drinkers was 2.6/100 persons per year, with vulnerability shown in individuals of male sex and of age 19 years or more. The incidence of risk level drinkers was 2.0/100 persons per year and greater for individuals of male sex and younger than 19 years. Conclusion: The students of this institution are at high risk for problems associated with alcohol use. Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages, Longitudinal Data, Prevalence, Incidence, University Students.Download Full Article |
