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Abstract: The article is devoted to wine drinking in the Sufi sources of Transoxiana of the 16th century, on the example of Manakibs. The importance of research on this topic lies in determining wine drinking in the secular and religious traditions of Muslim society. Besides, the topic's relevance is due to the insufficient study of the issues of semantic interpretation of the concept of wine in Sufi writings. Hence, this article aims to disclose the various meanings of the concept of wine contained in Sufi writings. The primary method in the study of this issue is the historical and comparative method, and the method of literary analysis, which allows creating a holistic view of the hidden images of wine in the Sufi writings of Maverannahr of the 16th century. It is known that wine, winemaking, and wine drinking for many centuries, despite strict Islamic prohibitions, were present in Muslim society, as evidenced by historical chronicles, literary works. This phenomenon also applies to the history of the State of the Timurids and Sheibanids, where winemaking and wine drinking were widely practiced among representatives of different sectors of society. Keywords: Wine Drinking, Wine, Transoxiana, Manakibs, Sufism, Poetry. |
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Abstract: University Leaders should have the entrepreneurial capacity to strengthen the Malaysia higher education sector. The role of higher education in economically improving Malaysia is undeniable. One of the functions of higher education is to build graduate entrepreneurs capable of creating jobs. Therefore, those talents should be led by leaders who have an entrepreneurial mindset. Unfortunately, less effective informal entrepreneurship education that relates to entrepreneurial leadership has been executed to inculcate the knowledge and skills of entrepreneurial leadership. Hence previous research that indicated the effective entrepreneurial leadership training which regards to entrepreneurship body of knowledge is scarce. Therefore, this study will also disclose the findings that relate to effective entrepreneurial leadership training that can change the knowledge of university leaders and fill in the gaps in the entrepreneurship body of knowledge. This study employs a Quantitative method that utilizes the Kirkpatrick Training Effectiveness Analysis Model. The descriptive and mean score analysis is used to indicate the changes in entrepreneurial leadership knowledge. It is found that the awareness of entrepreneurial leadership has increased, and they believe that entrepreneurship skills and behaviors can be carried out accordingly. Future research should enhance this study by utilizing Kirkpatrick Training Effectiveness Analysis Level Three. Keywords: Entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurship education, informal training, Higher Education. |
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Abstract: This article analyzes Russian and international experience in approaches to taxation of self-employed individuals and their impact on the legalization of activities based on modern economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative characteristic of the criteria for determining self-employed persons and various forms of their taxation in Russia and abroad at the present stage. The special tax regime for the self-employed in Russia has been in effect since 2019 and is one of the youngest in the tax system, so the analysis of foreign experience in the taxation of self-employed persons is of particular practical interest. The authors analyze global statistics on the number of self-employed persons and identify trends in their changes not only in the Russian Federation, but also in some foreign countries, especially in the light of the development of digital technologies and the emergence of new opportunities for independent activity by individuals. The research made it possible to draw intermediate conclusions for Russia at this stage of the new regime implementation: whether modern tax regimes stimulate the development of self-employment, how optimal these regimes are for legalizing citizens ' income, and what trends of foreign countries in the field of self-employed taxation may be relevant for modern Russia. Keywords: Self-employment, tax on the self-employed, individual entrepreneur, professional income, shadow economy. |
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Abstract: The relevance of the topic is caused by the need to identify trends and characteristics of the investment economy formation in the face of the external economic environment new challenges. The article’s main aim is to develop recommendations for optimizing the directions of the state economic policy in the field of investment activity development. The research is based on an analysis of the current situation and the identification of trends in the formation of Russia's investment economy and its regions. The study's novelty is to identify trends and characteristics in the investment economy formation in the regions of Russia and formulate development sectors in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main results of the study are as follows: issues of the preconditions for the formation of investment activity in the country's economy are examined, as well as macroeconomic indicators that form the financial foundations of the investment economy, the main directions for improving investment attractiveness are identified and proposed, including the use of the advantages of geographical and geopolitical position, increasing the economic, social and political level of development, improving the state of the environmental situation and demographic situation. Keywords: Investments, investment economy, investment climate, sectors of the economy, prerequisites. |
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Abstract: This paper discusses the problem of identifying factors and determinants of the political participation of ethnic groups in politics. Analysis of scientific literature allows us to identify several approaches to solving this problem. Some people view the political participation as an activity by which individuals try to influence the government through ethnic groups so that it takes the actions they want. This impact on the processes of political decision-making and the implementation of political programs related to them. Others believe that the driver of political activity is the need for internal improvement of an individual, when political participation contributes to their full functioning in the life of the state and gives them a sense of involvement in political processes. A comprehensive approach to determining the essence of the political participation of ethnic groups will be justified, according to which the institution of political participation is a multifaceted sociocultural phenomenon that affects many aspects of the socio-political dynamics of modern society. In accordance with this approach, political participation is equally manifested in both democratic and non-democratic political regimes; at the same time, the trigger of political mobilization can be not only the impact of political leaders, but also their own need for people to actively participate in political processes. Keywords: Neoinstitutionalism, Political Participation, Social Groups, Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Interests, Mobilization. |