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Abstract: Purpose:Head and neck cancers are a major public health issue. Its current incidence is unknown in Togo. This study aimed at determining the epidemiological and histological features of head and neck cancers in Togo. Materials and Methods: We examined data from patients files recorded in the registers of laboratory of pathology of the university teaching hospital of Lomé. The study concerned data of the patients received from January 1994 to December 2013. We selected only the files whose diagnosis was a cancer. The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, gender of patients, site, macroscopic and histological type of cancer. Results: Epidemiological, we collected 5234 cases of cancer of which 309cases ORL cancers, representing 5.1% of all cancer cases. The annual frequency was 15.09 cases. The average age was 45 years ranging from 3 to 87 years and a peak incidence between 41-50 years (20%). Sex ratio of 1.55. Concerning pathological, the salivary gland cancers were the most prevalent (28.2%) followed by larynx cancers (24%). Four groups histological were observed: Carcinomas 196cases (63.43%), lymphomas 105cases (33.98%), 6 cases sarcomas (1.94%) and 2cases melanomas (0.65%). The squamous carcinoma (40.78%) was the most frequent carcinomas. The high grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (48,4%) were common with prevalent Burkitt lymphoma. Conclusion: the head and neck cancers are prevalent in young adults in Togo. The squamous carcinoma is the most common histological type. Keywords: Cancer, head and neck, epidemiology, pathology, Togo.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Aim: The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of erlotinib in second-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and wild-type tumors, measuring progression-free survival (PFS), the response rate, and overall survival (OS). Material and Methods: This retrospective, observational, and multicenter study involved 47 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) who received erlotinib as second-line therapy in four Spanish hospitals. Primary and secondary endpoints included the determination of the efficacy (by measuring progression-free survival, PFS, the response rate, and overall survival, OS) and safety profile of erlotinib. Results: The median PFS was 2.33 months (95% CI, 0.4–10.9). No differences in PFS were found regarding sex, age, smoking habits, ECOG performance status, and tumor histology. The median OS was 4.00 months (95% CI, 1.18–6.82). Four patients developed grade 3–4 non-hematological toxicities, including asthenia, cutaneous toxicity, and renal failure. One patient developed grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Our study corroborates the modest but clear benefit of second-line agents, including erlotinib, for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, and supports their administration in patients with wild-type EGFR. Further prospective studies involving large number of patients are required to corroborate such results. Keywords: Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, EGFR, wild-type, erlotinib, second-line.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Purpose:Epimerization at the C7atom of the baccatin moiety is a common in-vitro pathway for all taxanes, including the natural precursor 10-deacetyl baccatin III and the antineoplastic drugs paclitaxel and docetaxel. To date this in-vitro epimerization of both drugs has been elucidated completely, but epimerization of docetaxel in patients during chemotherapy has not yet described. The goal of this study was to identify the epimer of docetaxel in plasma and urine of taxotere treated patients. Patients and Methods:12 patients suffering from mamma carcinoma, lung cancer or prostate cancer were treated with various docetaxel-based schedules. Blood samples were drawn before start of infusion, at the end of infusion and 20 min thereafter, urine was collected and pooled for 6 hours. Docetaxel and its epimer epidocetaxel were quantified by solid phase extraction and reversed phase HPLC. Results:In 8 of 12 patients epidocetaxel could be quantified in plasma at the end of infusion (range 0.05 – 0.54 µg/ml). 20 minutes later concentrations were below LOQ due to rapid distribution of docetaxel into tissue. In urine, epidocetaxel has been found in 7 of 12 patients (range 0.1 – 0.5 µg/ml). Conclusion: Epidocetaxel is a distinct docetaxel metabolite in man. So our knowledge, this is the first time that quantification of epidocetaxel in blood and urine of chemotherapy patients has been reported. This finding is important for designing of new docetaxel generic drugs and the development of new chemotherapeutic schedules using docetaxel. To date the in-vivo pharmacologic and toxic properties of the epimer remain unclear. Keywords: Docetaxel, epidocetaxel, epimerization, patients, plasma, urine. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Objective: In this study, we investigated the concordance between Gleason scores of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer via transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and treated with radical prostatectomy in our clinic. Material and Method: 115 patients were included in our study treated with radical prostatectomy for organ-confined prostate cancer between the dates of November 2011 and December 2014. Data of these patients are reviewed retrospectively. Results: The average age of the patients was 61.8 ± 6.8 (43-76) years. The average body mass index of these patients were (BMI) 26.7 ± 3.34 (19.3 – 35.3) kg/m². Average PSA value was 6.6 ± 10.1 (1.4 – 80) ng/ml. Gleason scores of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and radical prostatectomy were observed concordant in 74 (64.3%) of 115 patients, while 41 (35.6%) were not concordant. Gleason score was decreased by 1 grade for 8.6% (10 patients) of patients, it was increased by 1 for 26.0% (30 patients) of patients and for 0.8% (1 patient) it was increased by 3. Discussion: These findings indicate indicate that Gleason scores of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and prostatectomy specimens may be discordant. Keywords: Gleason score, prostate biopsy, prostate cancer, PSA, radical prostatectomy. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The time-resolved interaction analysis was applied on living cells to extract detailed interaction characteristics of two therapeutic antibodies and natural ligand binding to the same receptor expressed on two different human carcinoma cell lines. The observed differences in the antibody binding characteristics and heterogeneity could be attributed both to differences in antibodies and cell lines. The stability of antibody binding to EGFR on cells is significantly higher than the binding stability to isolated EGFR. This higher stability can be of fundamental importance as it potentially shifts the drug-target residence time into a domain that is limiting in pharmacokinetics and hence is of importance for in vivo drug efficacy. EGF binding to its receptor was more heterogeneous and it was demonstrated for the first time that time-resolved interaction measurements in combination with Interaction Map analysis could be used to probe the dynamics of a ligand (protein) induced dimerization and/or oligomerization process. Keywords: Cetuximab, EGF receptor, Interaction Map, kinetics, panitumumab, tracer. Download Full Article |