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Abstract: The use of somatostatin analogues is growing each year, especially for tumor imaging and treatment. In this scenario the numbers of radionuclides and the perspective of new one are quite promising. In this review we approach the possibilities and give an overview of the trends and possibilities in this area. Keywords: Radiopharmaceuticals, peptides, endocrinology, neuroendocrine tumors.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Background: Hormones have been recognized as regulator of the cell growth, differentiation and maturation. It has become increasingly evident that hormone may play a crucial role in the genesis and progression of several cancers like those of breast, ovary, testis, thyroid, prostrate including oral cancer. Aim: Present overview aims to discuss and provide data on possible role of various hormones including stress hormone, sex hormone, parathyroid and related hormone protein, melatonin and active metabolite of vitamin D3 in causation and progression of Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Data Acquisition: A systematic search of existing literature was carried out for the keywords like hormones and cancer, hormones and oral cancer or OSCC utilizing the Google, Google Scholar and PubMed databases for extraction, assortment and compilation of data. Inference: In conclusion, we found that hormones are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of the OSCC and can be utilized in its management and prevention. Keywords: Cancer, Hormones, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Steroids. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease, presenting malignant potential. An association between chronic inflammation and initiation and progression of cancer has long been established. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamil transferase are intracellular enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate changes of enzymatic activity of mentioned enzymes in saliva and serum of patients with oral lichen planus. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with oral lichen planus and 20 healthy controls were included in the present study. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gammaglutamil transferase (GGT) were detected in both serum and saliva. Results and Discussions: Salivary levels of ALP were decreased while LDH levels were increased in patients with oral lichen planus vs controls (p<0.05). At the same time GGT and AST levels were decreased (not significantly significant) in oral lichen planus patients and control groups. Serum levels of ALP were markedly increased while GGT was found decreased in patients vs. controls (p<0.05). AST and LDH were decreased but not significantly in oral lichen planus patient’s as compared to controls. Conclusions: Our results reflect increased levels for salivary LDH and serum ALP in patients with oral lichen panus. Saliva can be used as a new diagnostic fluid to detect certain biomarkers such as enzymes in patients with oral lichen planus. Keywords: Oral lichen planus, saliva, inflammation, enzymes, cell injury.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Purpose:To analyze the impact of primary tumour resection on treatment outcomes in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) and inoperable metastases at diagnosis in combination with optimal systemic therapy. Methods:A retrospective study was carried out in four hospitals in Valencia (Spain) including all consecutive patients diagnosed between 1/2009 and 12/2010 of advanced CRC with inoperable metastasis and treated with a fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy regimens with or without bevacizumab (B). Treatment outcomes were compared between patients undergoing or not primary tumour resection. Results:A total of 112 patients met inclusion criteria: 62 patients underwent resection of the primary tumour (Group 1) and 50 were treated with exclusive chemotherapy (Group 2). Globally, patients in group 2 presented more disfavorable characteristics. Forty-five (72%) and 31 (62%) patients received chemotherapy with bevacizumab respectively. Overallresponse rate(ORR) were 67% in Group 1 and 56% in Group 2. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in progression free survival (PFS) (12 vs. 10 months; p =0.11) and overall survival (OS) (27 vs. 22 months; p 0.1). B regimens increased ORR (73% vs. 42%; p = 0.003) and PFS (12 vs. 11 months; p = 0.019) but not OS. Complications were higher in the group of patients without primary tumour resection, particularly when associated to B regimens. Conclusions:Primary tumour resection offers no survival gain for patients with advanced CRC and inoperable metastases. Benefits of adding Bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy were similar in both groups, but it increases the risk of complications in non-resected patients. Keywords: Primary Tumour Resection, Advanced Colorectal Cancer, Metastases, Survival, Bevacizumab.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Purpose: Kin17 is a conserved nuclear protein that participates in DNA damage repair, DNA replication and cell proliferation. Several reports have linked Kin17 to tumor progression. However, the role of Kin17 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not yet been described. The aims of this study were to assess Kin17 transcript and protein expression in OSCC and to evaluate an association for this protein with chemoresistance. Methods: Kin17 expression in OSCC tissues and OSCC cell lines was measured by standardized immunohistochemistry, western blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Secretory Kin17 protein was measured in serum samples and cell culture conditioned media. A recombinant Kin17 protein was purified and used in a chemoresistance assay. Results: Kin17 was identified as an unconventional secretory protein, whose expression levels were correlated with chemotherapy and chemoresistance in OSCC. Kin17 protein expression was up-regulated in patients exhibiting chemoresistance. Serum Kin17 levels were significantly increased in patients receiving chemotherapy. We provide evidence that the secretory Kin17 protein plays a role in the DNA damage response in OSCC. Furthermore, we also show that the secretory Kin17 protein enhances the chemoresistance of OSCC cells and increases the expression of multidrug resistant genes. Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first report of Kin17 being characterized as a secretory protein. This novel role for Kin17 may have implications for studying the chemoresistance process in OSCC. The effective inhibition of Kin17 secretion may improve or prolong chemotherapeutic effects, making it an attractive therapeutic target candidate for further study. Keywords: Kin17, secretory protein, oral cancer, DNA damage, chemoresistance.Download Full Article |