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Abstract : Exploring the Properties of Recycled Tyre Rubber for Flexible Asphalt Pavement
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Abstract: In consideration of the issue related to the poor performance of asphalt pavements against climatic stresses and the need to contribute to the solution of the ever-increasing environmental hazards, the study paved the way for the recognition of using waste tyre as an asphalt binder modifier for pavement construction to settle the rising issue on waste disposal, while also improving the pavement properties. A series of experiments were conducted using different levels of recycled tyre rubber (RTR) substituted in asphalt binder. Marshall Stability and Marshall Immersion test were selected as basis to evaluate the properties. The results of experiments conducted on Marshall Mix samples demonstrated that stability of the pavements increased in a quadratic fashion with increasing fraction of RTR, and were found to be maximum at 10% rubber in asphalt mix, contributing an average enhancement of approximately 35% as compared to the conventional pavements. Furthermore, retained stability of samples was found to increase with increasing ratio of rubber substituted, making it a suitable candidate for modification in highly humid and rainy areas. Keywords: Recycle tyre rubber (RTR), polymer modified asphalt, asphalt pavement. |
Abstract : Effect of Different Irrigation Water Qualities on Turnip Production and Water Productivity under Furrow Irrigation Method
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Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam during the year 2015-16, aiming to investigate the response of turnip crop to various salinity levels of irrigation. The experiment was placed applying randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four different treatments i.e. Freshwater (I1), ECw with 2.5, 3 and ECw3.5 dS m-1 (I2, I3 and I4) respectively replicated thrice. The results for experiment placed revealed an average increase in soil ECe 0.09, 0.17, 0.26 and 0.38 dS m-1 under I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively. An decrease in dry density (g cm-3) of soil profile, decrease in pH 0.19, 0.38, 0.5 and 0.84 in treatments I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively and an decrease in agronomical data i.e. weight and diameter were also observed with an increase in ECw by the water being irrigated. Crop water productivity with 5.83, 4.35, 2.97 and 1.85 kg m-3 for treatmentsI1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively also decreased with an increase in ECw and Nacl. Average yield of 19.27, 14.37, 9.83 and 6.12 kg was obtained with applied treatments i.e. I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively, thus a decrease in yield with 25.45%, 31.60% and 37.72% with treatments I2, I3 and I4 was observed when compared as treated by freshwater (I1). Therefore farmers can use irrigation water having ECw 3.5 dS m-1 for the turnip crop at reduction of 37.72% (approximately). Keywords: Irrigating water qualities, Furrow irrigation method, Turnip growth, Turnip yield, Water productivity. |
Abstract : Screening of Microorganisms and Raw Materials for Lipase Production by Solid-State Fermentation
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Abstract: The production of biodiesel from vegetable oils using eco-friendly processes is a hot topic actually. These processes are based on enzymatic biocatalysts, namely lipases, and present many advantages over classical processes i.e. they do not require the use of sodium hydroxide, nor huge quantities of water. Lipases are widespread in nature, being produced by many microorganisms. However, fungal lipases have benefits over bacterial lipases due to their low cost of production, thermal and pH stability, substrate specificity and activity in organic solvents. These low cost production processes rely, most of the time, on solid-state fermentation (SSF). The aim of this research was to select microorganisms for their ability to secrete lipolytic enzymes and to grow on a solid support compatible with SSF. Thirty-five yeast and mold strains were tested in term of growth rate and extracellular lipase production. Different solid support such as vermiculite, crushed wheat husk, cacao seed-husk and carbon sources such as soy oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or sucrose were also tested for their ability to support cell growth and lipase production. Keywords: Lipase production, agroindustrialsolid residual, growth medium, Aspergillusniger, enzyme. |
Abstract : Forage Yield and Quality of Sweet Sorghum as Influenced by Sowing Methods and Harvesting Times
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Abstract: Sowing methods and harvesting times are the important management considerations for getting the optimum yield and quality of fodder crops. This study, investigated the influence of sowing methods and harvesting times on the growth, yield and quality of sweet sorghum. Chinese sweet sorghum was grown by broadcast method, 30 cm apart lines and 45 cm apart lines and harvested after 60, 75 and 90 days after sowing, respectively. All the tested sowing patterns and harvesting times considerably affected the growth, yield and quality of sweet sorghum. However, sowing in 30 cm apart rows produced maximum leaves per plant (13.09), fresh forage yield (38.1 t ha-1), dry matter yield (4.85 t ha-1), crude proteins (8.9%), ash contents (11%) and sugar contents (12.8%), respectively. Similarly, harvesting after 90 days of sowing gave highest leaves per plant (14.72), fresh forage yield (45.1 t ha-1), dry matter yield (5.60 t ha-1), ash contents (12.2%) and sugar contents (14.1%), respectively. These results suggested that sowing in 30 cm apart lines and harvesting after 90 days of sowing improved the growth, yield and quality of sweet sorghum under the semiarid region of Faisalabad. Keywords: Sorghum, harvesting time, sowing method, yield, quality. |
