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Abstract: Study of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated with Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment by DOT Implementation Strategy in Pakistan
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Abstract: Purpose: The present prospective cross sectional study was aimed to access the prevalence and trend of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in different age groups and gender, in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty affecting mostly young adults in their most productive years; however, all age groups are at risk. Method: The study population consisted of patients under DOT program with MDR-TB among males and females and in different categories of age groups. The data was collected from 100 MDR-TB patients from 7800 TB patients that were admitted in duration of 6 months and analyzed to evaluate the drug resistance associated with patient’s noncompliance. Moreover, drugs resistance ratio was also calculated from the data. Results: TB is a specific infectious disease, caused by M. tuberculosis strains, which is becoming resistant to anti-tuberculosis agents especially to Isoniazid and Rifampicin that are two key drugs of TB treatment and are termed as MDR-TB. The disease was seen in 66% males and 34% in female. The highest drug resistance ratio was in found in adults (age group). Keywords: Multi Drug Resistance, Tuberculosis, DOT, Lahore, M. tuberculosis. Download Full Article |
Abstract: Rydberg Energy Levels and Quantum Defects of some Semiconductor Elements
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Abstract: Weakest bound Electron Potential Model Theory has turned out to be a successful theory in explaining many atomic properties, namely, energy levels, transition probabilities and oscillator strengths. The theory has also been used to calculate Rydberg energy levels and quantum defects. In this paper we studied semiconductor elements Boron and Silicon. We calculated energy levels of Rydberg atoms of Boron and Silicon up to n = 50 levels using WBEPMT. We also calculated quantum defects in principle quantum number for various configurations of these elements. Keywords: Weakest bound Electron Potential Model Theory, Rydberg Atoms, Rydberg energy levels, Boron, Silicon. Download Full Article |
Abstract: Reinforcement of Lime Ash Particles in LDPE
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Abstract: This study presents findings from an experimental investigation on the reinforcement of Lime ash particles (LAP) synthesized from coal fly ash, CaO, and CaSO4 in Low density Polyethylene (LDPE). The Lime ash particles are synthesized by reinforcing 0 to 30 weight percentages of LAP in virgin LDPE using compression moulding. The mechanical properties of composites are studied and results showed that by adding LAP in LDPE as filler the Tensile Strength and Impact Strength of the composite decreases due to poor interfacial bonding between filler particles and LDPE but Hardness and Flexural Properties increases due to improved properties of surface. Keywords: Lime ash particles, fillers, reinforcement, LDPE, polymer. Download Full Article |
Abstract: Spatio-Temporal and Physiographical Study of the Abandoned Sutlej River: A Case of Jhangi Wala, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Abstract: Rivers are the sign of prosperity, the hub of the economy and act as lifeline for the areas from where they flow. Rivers help in irrigation, ground water recharge, upgrading water quality, maintaining soil fertility, fostering forests. They also support in stabilizing industries, establishing cities and towns. Revirs are the sources of energy generation, enhancing tourism, managing wetlands, boosting fishing, avoiding desertification, droughts, famine and empowering people by providing employment opportunities. Rivers might stop flowing in any area through climatic changes, river piracy, and upper riparian monopoly. Sutlej River is now not flowing in Pakistan due to damming at its upper riparian (India) after the Indus Basin Water Treaty. In this paper, efforts are made to know about evolutionary processes through which Sutlej River passed from the old days and its present cruel and politicized abundance by the upper riparian. The main objective of the paper is to furnish a preliminary data base about Pakistan side (lower riparian) of the Sutlej River. Fact and figures used are mainly from the secondary sources and few primary sources and direct observations. By exploring and knowing about its spatial pattern, temporal evolutions, geographical, geological and physiographical changes and all the processes concerned to the river, it will be possible for us to educate our future generation about the conversion of past mighty and splendid Sutlej River into an abandoned River. Keywords: Sutlej River, Geospatial, Temporal, Physiographical study, Jhangi Wala, Bahawalpur. Download Full Article |
