ijcs
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Abstract: Overcrowding in prisons is a common problem that affects many countries. It is difficult to define this term because there is no single internationally accepted standard. This article presents a comparative study of international standards for the activities of doctors in penitentiary institutions as an integral part of international standards of penitentiary activity. The authors investigated the methods and the degree of their impact on the penitentiary legislation of the Russian Federation and other CIS countries. The conclusion is drawn about the positive role of such standards in improving the national penitentiary legislation in order to increase the level of medical care for prisoners. Keywords: Penitentiary legislation, doctor, medical care, prisoner, criminal law. |
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Abstract: The article is devoted to the comparative study of the Tatar and English adjectival phraseological units with the parametric component. Structural and semantic peculiarities are taken into consideration. The main methods of research are those of general linguistic methods and special linguistic methods. The purpose of the article is to find out common and specific features of the adjectival phraseological units with the parametric components in the English and Tatar languages. The investigation is based on the material from English and Tatar monolingual and polylingual dictionaries. The adjectival phraseological units of the Tatar language have not been studied enough. The Tatar and the English languages are structurally different and the study of the adjectival phraseological units with the parametric component is of great interest. Keywords: Adjectival phraseological units, parametric component, comparative units, non-comparative units, subordinate structure, coordinate structure, antonymic pair, negative connotation, positive connotation. |
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Abstract: The ongoing Covid-19 crisis has hit many sectors and industries in the hardest possible way. Travel and tourism-related activities have not been an exception. We contend that a systemic approach can be developed and implemented in order to trace and certify individuals who do not present an epidemiological risk to other people, and also to manage their close interaction. This could lead to the certification of a large proportion of the population—millions worldwide—as not representing a risk of infection to others. It can justify the implementation of a system that can speed up the reactivation of several economic sectors and industries, protecting jobs and accelerating economic recovery in many countries. People who have been ill with Covid-19 have acquired the corresponding antibodies and, therefore, have immunity to the disease, they could travel freely, thereby helping to reactivate the economy. We will explain in this paper how a number of high-tech tools can be implemented as a crowd control system to identify those who do not represent a risk to others, either because they have acquired immunity or because they can be regarded as not carriers of a communicable disease. We devise a method based on the use of a 3D-diagram that shows the existence of an inverse relation between the number of tests performed and the number of individuals that have contracted the disease. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of a new epidemiological tourist strategy in Cuba can help to reactivate tourist activities in the country while avoiding the creation of new hotbeds of infection for Covid-19. Keywords: Covid-19, epidemiology, Cuba smart-quarantine, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, post-epidemiological tourism. |
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Abstract: The article considers the living space of Kazan as a unique phenomenon in the history of Tatar culture. The structural consistency of all the elements that can be united in a single ensemble, organically combining a utilitarian and spiritual function are the main feature. All elements of the estate complex are considered from the perspective of a general ideological concept. The period of development of Kazan Tatars housing at the turn of the XIX - beginning of XX centuries is covered. Separate ownership with a complex of buildings for residential and household purposes is considered, this period of development of the city coincides with the replacement of classic style by various eclectic styles. Beginning in 1917, the social revolution turned the history of architecture in a different direction, so this work was decided to limit this research range. The same time frame is limited to the main fund of preserved historical documents on the history of Tatar settlements. Keywords: Utilitarianism, spirituality, residential building, Tatar culture. |
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Abstract: The article discusses the problematic aspects of the implementation and application of artificial intelligence technology at the present stage of its development. The authors provide definitions of this technology, with its essential properties revealed based on their analysis. Criminological forecasting helps identify groups of crimes most likely to be committed through the use of artificial intelligence. The authors believe that at present there are not sufficient grounds for distancing ourselves from the issue of the subject of criminal liability in case of damage to public relations directly by the AI, but there are no circumstances due to which its resolution would not be delayed. The system of criminal law relations must be built based on scientifically developed provisions. The problems of criminal legal regulation, in terms of the impossibility of criminalizing and penalizing socially dangerous acts committed by artificial intelligence, are revealed. The legislator is asked to develop and adopt legal acts regulating the creation, operation, and use of artificial intelligence. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, intelligent systems, criminological risk, criminology, responsibility, legal regulation, subject of crime, criminal liability, criminal law, technological singularity. |