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Abstract: Triptolide is a bioactive natural products isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Clinical studies reveal that triptolide can be used in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, some studies revealed that triptolide has anti-tumor effects, which attracts more and more attention. This experiment aimed to explore the relationship between anti-tumor effects of triptolide and N-type polylactosamine. With increasing the concentration of triptolide, the viability of MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was reduced significantly and the polylactosamine expression on these cells declined as well. In addition, the expression of β1, 3-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (β3GnT8) participated in catalyzing the synthesis of N-type polylactosamine was also decreased and the expression of genes and proteins of downstream signaling was altered consequently. Finally, triptolide weakened the cancer cells invasion and migration. All of these indicate that triptolide can impair MCF-7 and HepG2 cells invasion and migration through downregulating the expression of polylactosamine chains. These studies establish that triptolide is a potential novel therapy in breast cancer and hepatic carcinoma. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Tumor microenvironment, known to exert regulatory functions on tumor cells, plays an important role when a human tumor is xenografted into immunodeficient mice. Primary human tumors xenografts represent a promising strategy to study new therapeutic’s efficacy or to understand the mechanisms implicated in tumor relapse. The development of xenografts is linked not only to the aggressivity of the tumor cells, but also to the tumor microenvironment. Tumor xenograft cell proliferation is dependent on microenvironment modifications such as angiogenesis and human blood vessel replacement, host immune cells and the presence of growth factors. The characterisation and a better knowledge of these factors allow for a more appropriate use of xenograft animal models in the evaluation of new antitumor treatments. In this review, we describe the different factors linked to the tumor microenvironment and their impact on the take rate when human tumors are xenografted into immunodeficient mice. Keywords: Xenograft, tumor microenvironment, human tumor, immunodeficient mice, murine stroma, human stroma.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: We present a documented case report of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis after transrectal biopsy (TRUSB) complicated by sepsis due to Escherichia coli. The Images and histological examination showed an every day more frequent complication. We review the methods of diagnosis and treatment and compare with the scarce literature. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Background: Urinary tract lithiasis(UTL) requires careful intervention, especially when associated with other diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of symptomatic UTL in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to evaluate its correlation with the anti-neoplastic treatment phase and drugs, and to assess the need for intervention, results, complications and follow-up. Procedure: The charts of 350 patients with ALL (1990-2008) were retrospectively evaluated. Signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, complications, treatment approach, resolution, anti-leukemic treatment phase when the UTL was diagnosed, drugs used and interference on ALL treatment were recorded. Results: A total of 12/350 patients (3.4%) had UTL (14 stones). The median age was 7.6 years. Pain was present in 60%, hematuria in 20% and both in 20%. The median stone size was 4mm (3- 13.8mm). Three patients required hospitalization (pain) and one had chemotherapy discontinued due to severe hematuria and blood support. At the time of diagnosis of UTL, four patients were in the induction phase with corticosteroids, four were in the maintenance phase with corticosteroids, two were in the maintenance phase without corticosteroids, and one had a recurrence after therapy, and two were off-therapy. 11/13 episodes of UTL had spontaneous resolution, two underwent successful extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, and one patient remains with an asymptomatic stone. Conclusions: 3.4% of children with ALL presented symptomatic UTL. While the majority of cases have been resolved spontaneously, hospitalization and delay in chemotherapy have increased morbidity in these children. Keywords: Urothelial carcinoma, cisplatin, gemcitabine, pathological complete response.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Introduction: Leukoplakia is the most frequent potentially malignant disorder. Management and diagnosis requires clinical and histopathogical monitorization. Conventional biopsy generates patient morbidity and is considered a complex procedure for general dentists, which can delay initial diagnosis. To solve these problems, we have proposed a novel procedure denominated Whole Tissue Microbiopsy (WTM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the samples obtained with the WTM procedure and to test their viability; to check if they are applicable in all anatomic locations and compare the results with those obtained with conventional biopsy. Methods: We studied 41 clinically compatible lesions with oral leukoplakia. A tissue sample was taken using the WTM technique, after which, a conventional biopsy was performed on the same location. Both samples were studied and compared in terms of viability and concordance. Results: 100% of the samples obtained using the WTM procedure were viable. 95% of the samples were useful to detect dysplasia, and in 85% of cases the basal membrane was retained. Coincidence with conventional biopsy as to detect cancer-dysplasia was 78% and showed a 53.8% sensitivity regarding the detection of dysplasia-Cancer. Discussion and Conclusion: The samples obtained by the WTM are viable for study. Conservation of all epithelial layers in the sample and the basement membrane in particular is not influenced by the anatomical area or by the clinical appearance of the lesion. The results that did not coincide with the conventional biopsy were due to the difference in size and not the quality of it. Keywords: Whole Tissue Microbiopsy, leukoplakia, oral biopsy, microbiopsy, potentially malignant disorder.Download Full Article |