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Abstract - The Antecedent and Consequence of Youth Drug Abusers’ Life Satisfaction: Delinquency Behavior as the Mediator
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Abstract: The incidents of drug-abuse behavior has escalated especially among youths in Malaysia. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the effects of social support on drug abuse through life satisfaction. Delinquency was treated as the mediating factor on the relationship between life satisfaction and drug-abuse behavior. A survey was conducted among youth addicts getting treatment at rehabilitation centers. A total of 275 questionnaires were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. Findings revealed that social support had a significant influence on life satisfaction. Delinquency had a full mediating effect on the relationship between life satisfaction and drug abuse. An increase in life satisfaction would reduce delinquency and drug-abuse behavior among youth by enhancing social support assistance. Therefore, rehabilitation programs should be focused on matching the drug dependences’ needs for social support to increase the chances of remaining sober and achieving success in ending the cycle of relapse. Keywords: Social support, Life satisfaction, Delinquency, Drug dependence, Structural Equation Modelling. |
Abstract - Instrumental Variables Estimation of Systems of Simultaneous Equations: Interrelation of Methods
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Abstract: The article is devoted to the interrelation between methods of estimating parameters of simultaneous equations. Simultaneous equations model (SEM) is commonly used to model complex socio-economic phenomena. SEM is a set of linear simultaneous equations in which response variables are among explanatory variables in each equation of regression. This causes the problem of endogeneity and leads to biased and inconsistent estimation of parameters. There is a number of special methods to solve the problem of endogeneity of regressors: method of instrumental variables (IV), indirect least squares method (ILS), two-stage least squares method (2SLS), and three-stage least squares method (3SLS). In this article, the relationship between 2SLS and IV, ILS and 2SLS, ILS and OLS with restrictions on structural parameters, as well as the equivalence of point estimates of parameters and autocovariance matrices, is shown using empirical example. Keywords: System of simultaneous equations, instrumental variables method, parameter constraints, parameter estimates, autocovariance matrix of parameter estimates. |
Abstract - Firm History and Managerial Entrenchment: Empirical Evidence for Vietnam Listed Firms
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Abstract: Managerial entrenchment occurs when managers are able to manipulate financing decisions to support their own interests rather than those of shareholders. Such possible actions can involve deception and fraud. Furthermore, the market timing activity is explained by managers’ financing decisions through which companies choose to raise debt or equity to finance their investment opportunities. Nevertheless, the relationship between managerial entrenchment and leverage ratio, together with the link between market timing and leverage ratio, have not been considered carefully and investigated in the Vietnamese context. The paper provides empirical evidence of the effect of managerial entrenchment and market timing through firms’ histories on leverage ratio in Vietnam using a sample of 289 non-financial firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) during the period 2006-2017. OLS, GMM and the endogenous switching methods are used for estimating the models. Findings from the paper indicate that there is a negative relationship between managerial entrenchment and leverage ratio, and that there is a negative effect of firm history, including financial deficit, various timing measures, and stock price history on the leverage ratios of Vietnam’s listed firms. Keywords: Managerial entrenchment, Firm histories, Leverage ratio, Endogenous switching, HOSE. |
Abstract - Developing Formulas for Quick Calculation of Polyhedron Volume in Spatial Geometry: Application to Vietnam
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Abstract: In the age of globalization, an effective leadership skill is the ability for quick calculation of work-related problems. From an economic perspective, fast computation often provides a competitive advantage in business, where speed, efficiency and accuracy are required. Quick calculation techniques are a central problem in modern mathematics because it shortens the time for solving technical problems. The purpose of the paper is to provide an explanation that will lead to a quick solution to a volume problem. Specifically, some convenient formulas are provided for quick calculation of the volume of the common polyhedron, together with a number of multiple-choice questions with IATA software to practice. Based on the evaluation results, reliable multiple-choice questions are used for an empirical study in Can Tho City, Vietnam on the effectiveness of the formulas for quick calculation of the polyhedron volume in spatial geometry. Statistical analysis shows that quick formulas help students to complete lessons at a higher rate, thereby contributing to improvements in the effectiveness of teaching geometry, especially the volume of the Polyhedron. Keywords: Leadership, Knowledge Production, Polyhedron, Volume, Spatial Geometry, Quick calculation. |
