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Abstract: To determine the suitable substrate, five growth substrates viz. Soil + Sand, Soil + FYM, Soil + Sand + FYM, Soil + PM (Poultry manure) and Soil + Sand + PM were used to grow the three true potato seed (TPS) genotypes viz. TPS-9802, TPS-9804 and TPS-9805. Results of the interactive effect of genotypes x substrates on plant and tuber traits concluded that maximum germination (90.5 %), plant height (46.3 cm), micro tubers (212.7), small tubers (45.7), medium tubers (28.2), large tubers (10.2) and total tubers (296.8), maximum weight of micro (1491 g), small tubers (757.6 g), medium tubers (828.9 g), large tubers (483.7 g) and total tuber weight (3561) per unit area (1m-2) and total tuber yield (35.6 t ha-1) were found in TPS-9804 grown in the substrate of soil+sand+FYM. However TPS-9805 yielded (32.5 t ha-1) and ranked 2nd with same substrate. Hence, it is recommended for raising TPS nursery. Keywords: TPS, Substrate, Nursery, Growth and Yield.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Blanchet has shown that hypersurfaces of class C1 are removable singularities for subharmonic functions, provided the considered subharmonic functions satisfy certain assumptions. Later we showed that, in certain cases, it is sufficient that the exceptional sets are of finite (n-1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure. Now we improve our results still further, relaxing our previous assumptions imposed on the considered subharmonic functions. Keywords: Subharmonic, Hausdorff measure, exceptional sets. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: This study focuses on the issue of farmland conversion into housing colonies in Bahawalpur City. In order to understand the magnitude of this issue, data of 102 sample colonies was collected for the period of 1950-2011 through field survey and secondary sources including TMA Bahawalpur City. The year of establishment, area occupied and legal status of colonies were recorded and the data were aggregated into 10-year categories for analysis and to produce temporal maps. Results indicate that during the last 61 years, an area of 1,142 acres (462.15 hectares) had been converted to 102 colonies at an average rate of 18.72 acres per year. Among these colonies only 18 were approved by concerned authorities whereas 84 were not approved legally. Approved colonies occupy an area of just 197 acres (17.25% of the total) whereas non-approved colonies and towns cover a huge area of 945 acres (82.74%). The conversion of farmland fluctuated substantially over time. During the period of 1950-1960 merely seven colonies were built which consumed an area of 97 acres indicating a conversion rate of 9.7 acres per year, while during the period of 2000-2010 a total of 32 colonies were built that consumed an area of 422 acres (170.77 hectares) indicating conversion rate of 42.2 acres per year. These findings indicate that the rate of farmland conversion is accelerating. If this trend goes unchecked, the problem of farmland conversion may change into a serious threat for future food supplies. This study identified several suggestions to tackle the issue. Keywords: Farmland conversion, Bahawalpur City, TMA, Housing schemes, Legal status.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Cancer survivors often experience a variety of physiological deficits resulting from cancer treatment such as reduced muscle strength, decreased range of motion and poor balance. Cancer survivors also commonly experience psychosocial side effects, such as anxiety, depression and fear of recurrence. Overall, it is common for cancer survivors to report a decrease in physical and emotional wellbeing and overall quality of life. Research suggests that improvements in physical health can be achieved through moderate intensity exercise such as light resistance training and moderate aerobic exercise in this population. Mindfulness-Based-Stress-Reduction (MBSR) programming utilizes various mind/body techniques that can reduce state anxiety levels, distress and depression. While cancer survivors face numerous physiological and psychological challenges, exercise interventions focus on physical health, while MBSR interventions focus on psychosocial health. The American Medical Association (AMA) recommends a patient’s care should include psychological, physiological, psychosocial and educational components, emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to cancer survivorship. Integrating exercise and MBSR interventions may serve to optimize the overall health and quality of life of a cancer survivor. Keywords: Cancer, Survivorship, Exercise, Mindfulness-Based-Stress-Reduction, Quality of Life, Health. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Radioactive measurements in the decay process of any radioactive sample can be predicted by radioactive-decay law. This predication is based over its average behavior. In actual practice, the radioactive measurements show fluctuations about the average value. For any radioactive sample, there is an exact number which disintegrates in any given unit of time fluctuates around the average value. In counting applications, it is important to estimate this fluctuation because it indicates the repeatability of results of a measurement. This will identify it by using periodogram analysis that depicts the periodicity in the radioactive decay of the given sample of Americium-241. Statistical distributions that the given sample followed with goodness-of-fit tests are examined. Maximum-Likelihood Estimator (MLE) has been used to find the population parameters. The randomness in radioactive decay has been verified by non-parametric method. These statistical analyses are based over the amount of internal fluctuation in the given radioactive source that is consistent with the predictions obtained. These measurements are obtained by measuring the decay of 300 counts per 10 sec. of Americium-241 using a Geiger Muller (GM) Counter in the teaching laboratory, at the Department of Physics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. Keywords: Americium-241, Radioactive measurements, Nuclear Statistics, GM counter. |