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Abstract: Aim:To pilot study the therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine-induced sleep balance treatment (DISBT) on the chronic refractory primary insomnia patients. Methods:Forty-two patients with chronic refractory primary insomnia were randomly divided into two groups by random number table. Patients in DISBT group were given DISBT for 3 days, while patients in the control group were given conventional treatment for 3 day. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the hyperarousal scale (HAS), and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were evaluated and compared between the pre-treatment and post-1-week-treatment. Sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum were also recorded and compared pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results:The scores of PSQI and HAMA in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), DISBT group-reduced degree were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Sleep architecture of Stage 2 sleep proportion, EEG spectrum beta, and gamma relative power value in DISBT group were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), Stage 3 sleep proportion and delta relative power value were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); Sleep architecture of Stage 2 sleep proportion,beta, and gamma relative power value in control group were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); rapid eye movement sleep, Stage 3 sleep proportion, and delta relative power value were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The total scores of the hyperarousal scale (HAS) in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), DISBT group-reduced degree were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), the extreme score, introspectiveness score, react score of HAS in control group after treatment had no statistical significance compared to those before treatment (P > 0.05), the extreme score, introspectiveness score, react score of HAS in DISBT group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion:DISBT effectively reduced the insomnia patient cortex hyperarousal level, corrected disorder of sleep-awakening pathways and easedup insomnia symptom. It is an effective method for chronic refractory primary insomnia. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, primary insomnia, hyperarousal.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the dextrose sugar effect as carbon source on mycelial growth and production of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The experiment was performed in Mushroom Laboratory, Plant Pathology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, during 2013-2014. Mycelial growth was developed by using tissue culture on medium (PDA) potato dextrose agar with various concentrations of dextrose sugar. Analysis of variance for concentrations was statistically highly significant for all the parameters. In some cases among the different concentrations, 2.0% dextrose sugar showed after 2 days of micro propagation, the mycelial growth (1.9 cm) was recorded, followed by 1.5% dextrose sugar that showed (1.7 cm). The earlier spawn mycelia growth was observed in case of amending same 0/2% dextrose sugar (24.5 days). The pinhead first appeared (29.5 days) after the date of spawning by using 2.0% dextrose sugar. The minimum period (4.2 days) for maturation of mushroom fruiting body were recorded at 20% and 1.5% dextrose sugar. The maximum numbers of fruiting bodies (56.2) were observed with an application of dextrose sugar at 2.0%. The maximum number of bunches per bag (16.5) were harvested with an application of dextrose sugar 2.0%. The highest (350.5 g) fresh yield of Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus was recorded from 2.0% am ended of dextrose sugar. Keywords: Oyster mushroom, carbon source, media, mycelia growth, tissue culture dextrose sugar. |
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Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam during the year 2015-16, aiming to investigate the response of turnip crop to various salinity levels of irrigation. The experiment was placed applying randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four different treatments i.e. Freshwater (I1), ECw with 2.5, 3 and ECw3.5 dS m-1 (I2, I3 and I4) respectively replicated thrice. The results for experiment placed revealed an average increase in soil ECe 0.09, 0.17, 0.26 and 0.38 dS m-1 under I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively. An decrease in dry density (g cm-3) of soil profile, decrease in pH 0.19, 0.38, 0.5 and 0.84 in treatments I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively and an decrease in agronomical data i.e. weight and diameter were also observed with an increase in ECw by the water being irrigated. Crop water productivity with 5.83, 4.35, 2.97 and 1.85 kg m-3 for treatmentsI1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively also decreased with an increase in ECw and Nacl. Average yield of 19.27, 14.37, 9.83 and 6.12 kg was obtained with applied treatments i.e. I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively, thus a decrease in yield with 25.45%, 31.60% and 37.72% with treatments I2, I3 and I4 was observed when compared as treated by freshwater (I1). Therefore farmers can use irrigation water having ECw 3.5 dS m-1 for the turnip crop at reduction of 37.72% (approximately). Keywords: Irrigating water qualities, Furrow irrigation method, Turnip growth, Turnip yield, Water productivity. |
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Abstract: A laboratory experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different diets on biology of Coccinella septemputata Linneous, in the Department of Plant protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan during 2011 and 2012 at 28±2 ºC and 65±5% relative humidity. The result showed that total larval developmental period was recorded 8.0 ± 0.72 and 7.8 ± 0.69 days on grain moth eggs and safflower aphid, respectively, however, no significant difference was recorded between pre-pupal and pupal period on grain moth egg and safflower aphid. The adult longevity of male (43.10 ± 1.04 and 56.50 ± 1.61) and female (36.07 ± 0.24 and 42.50 ± 0.69 days) was significantly different on grain moth eggs and safflower aphid, respectively. The larval instars were not survived on prepared artificial diet, however, only adult male and female survived (68.50 ± 2.03 and 72.90 ± 2.07 days) without fecundity. The result further revealed that the length and breadth (mm) of larval instars, pupa and adults of C. septempuntata was significantly varied feeding on grain moth eggs and safflower aphid. Keywords: Coccinella septempunctata, development period, morphometric, artificial diets, safflower aphid and grain moth eggs. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of zinc on the yield and growth of cotton in the field of Agronomy section ARI, Tandojam during the Kharif Season 2014. Seeds of cotton were sown in rows 75 x 30 cm in row and plant spacing in soil with four replications in Randomized Complete Block Design. Six zinc levels i.e. untreated 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 kg ha-1 were evaluated. The results reveals that plant height, number of sympodia plant-1, number of productive bolls plant-1, fibre length, G.O.T (%) and seed cotton yield kg ha-1 affected significantly by the zinc levels, while plant population and number of monopodial branches were not affected. Application of zinc from 5.00 to 15.00 showed similar effect. However, control resulted different in taller plants (130.55 in), while application of 15.00 kg zn ha-1 produced maximum sympodia (16.35 plant-1) however productive bolls were more at 10.00 kg zn ha-1 (50.30 plant-1). The staple length was maximum (27.00 mm) at 7.5 kg zn ha-1, while G.O.T% was greater (38.28%) at 5.00 kg zn ha-1, whereas maximum seed cotton yield was recorded at 7.5 kg zn ha-1 (2556.70 kg ha-1). For the trait of seed cotton yield plant1, there was no any difference between applications of zinc sulphates 5.00 to 7.5kg ha1 Keywords: Sowing dates, Effect, Fertilizer, Zinc, Cotton, Yield. |