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Abstract: A new steroidal glycoalkaloid was isolated from barries of Solanum xanthocarpum, together with two other known steroidal glycoalkaloids. The structure of new steroidal glycoalkaloid was elucidated as O-(3){ α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2gal)- β-D- galactopyranosyl}-solasodine on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with reported spectroscopic data of related compounds. Keywords: Solanum xanthocarpum, steroidal glycoalkaloid, O-(3) {α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2gal)-β-D- galactopyranosyl}-solasodine.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities of essential oil from plant Lavendula steochs were studies bykinetics and thermodynamic approach. Hydro-distillation was used for the extraction of oil from the flowers of Lavendula steochs. - Antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH method, in which the IC50 showed that essential oil has good antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity has been analyzed against Methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (VRSA) which shows that Lavendula steochs is found to be effective against MRSA andVRSA. Chemical composition of essential oils were measured by GC-MS and FT-IR techniques and the kinetic & thermodynamic parameters were used for the characterization of essential oils. Keywords: Lavendula steochs, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, FT-IR, GC-MS. |
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Abstract: The present study was carried out at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tando Jam during 2016. The experimental material consisted of six lines viz., CRIS-134, Sindh-1, Sadori, Malmal, IR-901 and three testers; Bt-3701, Bt-121 and CIM-534.The crosses were made in line × tester mating design. F1 hybrids along with parents were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in 2016. Seven yield and early maturing traits was recorded like, days to 1st flowering, days to 75% boll opening, plant height(cm), sympodial branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, seed cotton yield-1(g) and lint (%) for estimating of combining ability. The analysis of variance showed that genotypes, crosses, parents, parent vs crosses, lines, testers and line × tester were significant which demonstrated that genetic difference were present in genotypes for various yield and early maturing parameters. Among the lines, Sindh-1, CRIS-134 and testers, Bt-121 and Bt-3701 were best combiners and F1 hybrids like CRIS-134 × Bt-3701, Malmal × Bt-3701, CRIS-134 × Bt-121 were best combiners for all characters. Keywords: Lines, testers, line × tester, cotton genotypes, phenological and yield traits. |
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Abstract: Land cover change is the result of complex interactions between social and environmental systems, systems that evolve over time. While climate and biophysical phenomena have long been the main drivers of changes in land surfaces, the human is now behind most of the changes affecting terrestrial ecosystems. The main objective of this work is to show the characterization and monitoring of land cover change in semi-arid Mediterranean area. The changes in agro-forest area which is a land use mode in the mountains of Beni-Chougrane at local scale. We used Support Vector Machines method for classification of Landsat TM image, and change detection technique to analyze change of land cover types by comparing the satellite observations of Landsat TM from 1984 to 2009. Our analysis showed that proportion of forest cover decreased from 41% in 1984 to 14% in 2009 that from approximately 190 hectares/year and agriculture land from 18 % to 1.5 %. The results showed that all land cover and lad use area have experienced structural changes in it's globally, Intensive regression of woody natural vegetation imposed by fires and unsustainable use of resources, a remarkable decline in land occupied by agriculture. Suggesting an immediate response to a policy based on priorities for the preservation, protection, development and rational use of land areas. Keywords: Remote sensing, change detection, Landsat, anthropogenic, Beni-Chougrane. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to investigate tuberculosis patients’ demographic distribution including their sociocultural impacts among various ethnic groups in the study area. Data was collected through questionnaire survey (interviewing patients) at TB diagnostic centers in the study area over a period of eight months (March to October 2013). Analysis was made with the help of Microsoft excel and SPSS version 20 for demographic analysis.The questionnaire survey revealed the respondents in terms of languages as Urdu (33.28), Sindhi (20.63), Punjabi (14.98), Pashtu (11.48), Seraiki (10.48%) and other languages 14.81. Researchers have identified other languages (which included, Hindko, Balti, Persian, Brahvi, Marwari, Gilgiti, Gujrati) as being the most vulnerable/impoverished lingual groups in the study area. Demographically, Urdu speaking TB patients were recorded as 53% females, but the case of Sindhi speaking female patients was slightly high (50.81%) compared to males. Punjabi speaking patients were found to number almost similar to the Urdu speaking patients as the percentage of females was 52.22%. Pashtu speaking females amounted to 44.9 %, while males recorded highest percentage i.e. 55.07%. The occurrence of TB in the purview of lingual distribution of population in Karachi provides an insight into the transmission of the disease especially in the context of the global as well as local environment, cultural and politico-economic scenario. Keywords: Lingual, tuberculosis, demographic, Karachi, socioeconomic.Download Full Article |