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Abstract: This study was carried out to isolate, characterise and identify bacteria from diseased Clarias gariepinus and also assess the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial in isolated bacteria. Samples of diseased African Catfish were collected for a period of six weeks from consenting farms in Ibadan and Ikorodu in Nigeria and examined for clinical signs of disease. Pond water samples along with organs such as gills, skin, intestine, kidney and lungs from these fish were analyzed microbiologically using differential and selective media. Bacteria enumeration, identification and biochemical characterization were carried out and the physiochemical parameters of the water samples determined. All isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using the standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The total bacterial load for the organs ranged between 3.0 x 104 (lungs sample) and 6.0 x 107cfu/g (gill sample). The gills had the highest average total bacterial count, while lungs had the least. Morphologically unique bacterial isolates obtained included Salmonella (14 isolates), Pseudomonas (4 isolates), Aeromonas (2 isolates), Edwardsiella (3 isolates) and Shigella (3 isolates). These isolates displayed antibiotic resistance profile to the following: Ceftazidime (38%), Cefuroxime (77%), Gentamicin (37%), Cefixime (73%), Ofloxacin (23%), Augmentin (66%), Nitrofurantoin (58%) and Ciprofloxacin (15%). Two Salmonella isolates had multi-drug resistance pattern. This study showed that indiscriminate use of unlicensed or unapproved antibiotics for aquaculture portends significant hazards to public health therefore disease prevention is preferable through good culture and health management to ensure optimum yields and wholesome products. Keywords: Aquaculture, Fish disease, Bacteria, Antibiotics resistance, Antimicrobial susceptibility.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The bacterial species belongs to genus Brucella produce infections in humans, farm and wild animals are known as Brucellosis. In normal routine there is rational misuse of drugs especially broad spectrum poses a great concern for the treatment of Brucellosis in cattle. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of locally available various antibiotics against the Brucella abortus isolated from Lohani and Holstein cattle breeds. Various antibiotics such as kanamicin, chloramphenicol, rifapmicin, gentamycin, enroflaxcin, tertracyline, streptomycin, tobramycin and pencillin were tested against the isolated Brucella abortus. Brucella abortus was found highly sensitive to gentamicin, tobramicin and pencillin G with sensitivity percentage 75, 100 and 100%, respectively. The antibiogram results revealed gentamycin and tobramicin were highly effective antibiotics against the Brucella abortus. The organism was moderately sensitive against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifapmicin and enroflaxcin with sensitivity recorded of 65, 60, 60 and 90%, respectively. However, the organism was weakly sensitive against streptomycin and kanamicin 50 and 40%, respectively. The organism confirmed its resistance against the ampicillin. Overall, gentamycin and tobramicin were shown the highest antibiogram activity against the isolated Brucella abortus from the bovine milk and blood samples. While, the isolated organism was not sensitive to ampicillin. Keywords: Bovine, Brucella abortus, antibiotics,resistance. |
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Abstract: Unsafe drinking water is one of the major concerns in developing countries. The southern Sindh is province of Pakistan that adjoins the Arabian Sea coast where the drinking water quality is deteriorating due to unrefined urban waste and excessive use of agro-chemicals. Present study aimed to assess the quality of ground water source and to compare it with WHO standards. Water borne diseases associated with drinking it in the vicinity Tandojam city were identified. Water from ground water source was sampled at selected locations in the study area. The samples were collected mostly from pumped waters. The samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties in order to identify the quality problems and suggest safe source for drinking purpose. Findings revealed that the ground water quality in Muzaffrabad colony is deteriorating. The situation was much worse in Muzaffrabad colony, Jam Ghar and Mir colony with high TDS and salty taste, respectively at few sampling locations. In addition, laboratory analysis of the water quality parameters revealed the detail of variation in the groundwater. TDS, hardness, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) etc. were considerably beyond the WHO permissible limits. The poor quality of the water has created different waterborne diseases like cholera, diarrhea etc. Moreover, the samples of SAU Colony and Amar Town showed that the water quality of these areas was within acceptable limits according to WHO standards and was suitable for the purpose of drinking. Keywords: Drinking water quality, physico-chemical parameters, Tandojam city, waterborne diseases, WHO standards. |
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Abstract: In this paper the backdating methods based on factors and principal components are applied for the first time to emulate the historical macroeconomic variables in China. The numerical results show that these procedures are useful to backdate some missing or not available historical data. ARIMA forecasting experiments based on backdated historical data are conducted and compared with forecasting procedures using directly factors and principal components. Our results suggest that some key variables like GDP can indeed be forecasted more precisely with the principal components backdated data. Keywords: Backdating, Factor model, Principal components, ARIMA forecasting, GDP of China. |
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Abstract: Survey of dumpsite plant composition, assessment of rhizosphere microorganisms and growth performance of Sphenostylis stenocarpa grown on two dumpsite (CAPITOL and NITEL ROAD) soils in Benin City was investigated. Control treatment was top soil. A total of 9 and 30 flora were observed at the CAPITOL and NITEL ROAD dumpsites respectively. Analysis of the rhizosphere soils of the plants grown in dumpsite soils at different amendments showed a total heterotrophic bacterial count ranging from 1.57 x 104 to 4.18 x 104cfu/g and a total heterotrophic fungal count in the various rhizosphere soils ranged from 5.05 x 103 to 1.68 x 104cfu/g. The bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil samples were Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. The fungal isolates were Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp, Trichoderma sp. and Saccharomyces sp. Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Aspergillus sp. 100 % (present in all dumpsite soils analyzed) had the highest frequency of occurrence amongst the isolates.Percentage seedling emergence was significantly reduced from 86.67± 13.33 % - 100.00 ± 0.00 % in control (top) soil to 60.00 ± 0.00 % to 93.33 ± 6.67 % in CAPITOL dumpsite soil. Shoot height at 6 weeks after planting (WAP) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 78.33± 18.53 cm in the control soil through 131.50 ± 18.79 cm in the CAPITOL dumpsite soil to 186.33 ± 13.68 cm in NITEL road dumpsite soil, all without amendment. Number of leaves at 6 WAP increased on addition of FYM in both soil types. Chlorophyll content was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from control plants. Leaf area in both dumpsite soils was found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control soil but leaf area increased on addition and increase in amendment in both soil types. In all parameters observed, it was noted that the control treatment did better than the plants grown in the dumpsite soils with increased amendment.. Keywords: amendment, dumpsite soil, growth, Rhizosphere microorganisms, S. stenocarpa.Download Full Article |