Comparative Toxicities of Hydrastis Canadensis L., Berberis aristata DC.and Achillea millefolium L.Against Brine Shrimps (Artemia salina) Using Dosage Mortality Curve: A Probit Approach
Pages 69-73
Mahwish Ahmed Karim, Ghazala H. Rizwani, Afaq Ahmed Sidddiqui and Muhammad Farhanullah Khan

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2015.11.09

Published: 27 January 2015

Abstract: Hydrastis canadensis, Berberis aristata DC. and Achillea millefolium were compared for their toxicities against brine shrimps (Artemia salina). After applying statistical method of probits to the experimental data, H. canadensis was found to be the most toxic with the LC₅₀of 3.236 mg/ml, while, B. aristata showed moderate toxic potential showing that of 60.264 mg/ml and A. millefolium manifested the highest value, that is, 41297.5 mg/ml.

Comparison of Stapler, Single Layer and Double Layer Techniques for Colon Closure in Dogs
Pages 551-555

Amir Nawas Khan, Allah Bux Kachiwal, Shahla Karim Baloch, Rameez Raja Kaleri, Khalid Hussain Khan, Muhammad Zib, Faisal Noor Qureshi, Ghulam Murtaza Mari, Muhammad Saleem Pahnwar, Rashid Ali Shah and Abdullah Marri
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.89

Published: 07 November 2017

Abstract: The present study was performed on 18 healthy dogs (aged 16.80±1.22 months) and body weight (17.07± 2.21 kg) to determine the best suturing technique among single layer, double layer and stapler technique for the closure of colon in dogs. All dog were divided into three groups, placing 6 animals in each group, i.e. group A was closed with single layer suture technique, group B was closed with double layer suture technique and group C was closed with stapler technique. The number of stitches required for colon closure were 8.83, 16.33 and 9.16 in groups –A, B and C respectively. The mean number of stitches and time taken for the completion of double layer technique was significantly higher (P<0.01) than single layer and stapler techniques. The mean of total duration of abdominal closure was 47.00, 45.16 and 34.83 minutes in group A, B and C respectively. The mean of total duration for surgery was 57.16, 64.50 and 46.33 minutes in group A, B and C respectively..The study reveals that all the techniques were not completely free from complications and advantages. Although stapler technique had some advantages like minimal adhesion between anastomotic line and other structures, higher bursting wall tension at operated site and less duration required for closure of anastomosis. It is concluded that stapler technique used in this study proved better than single layer and double layer suture techniques in dogs.

Keywords: Comparison, Stapler, Techniques, Colon, Dogs.

Download Full Article

Comparing the Early Stage Carbon Sequestration Rates and Effects on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties after Two Years of Planting Agroforestry Trees
Pages 527-533

M. Farrakh Nawaz, Komal Mazhar, Sadaf Gul, Irfan Ahmad, Ghulam Yasin, M. Asif and Muhammad Tanvir
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.86

Published: 25 October 2017

Abstract: Farm friendly and fast growing trees are the sustainable, cheaper and efficient source of carbon sequestration and carbon stock, however, their carbon sequestration potential vary among tree species depending upon several factors. This study was conducted to determine the carbon sequestration potential and carbon storage difference among different tree species at early stage. Second objective of this study was to observe the effects of trees on the physico-chemical properties of soils. Seedlings of fifteen widely planted farm trees species were planted under same set of climatic and soil conditions. Employing tree biomass after two year of planting (2014-2016), carbon stocks and carbon sequestration rates were calculated. Soil samples were collected under each tree species at two depths: 0-15cm and 16-30 cm, to determine the physico-chemical properties of soils such as pH, EC, N, P, K, C and organic matter (O.M.). It was found that Populus deltoides contained the highest carbon stocks (7.21 ± 1.31 kg C) and sequestered the CO₂ at the highest rate of 13.21 ± 0.84 kg C/year as compared to all other fourteen tree species. O.M. (%) and Carbon (mg/kg) were also the highest in the soils under P. deltoides (2.29 ± 0.42 and 3.8 ± 0.2 respectively) as compared to and all other tree species. Nitrogen contents (%) were found the maximum in the soils under D. sissoo (0.063 ± 0.04) > Acacia nilotica (0.058 ± 0.008) and Albizia lebbeck (similar to Acacia nilotica). Such information enhances our capacity to better predict the carbon sequestration potential and carbon stock in different trees.

Keywords: Agroforestry, climate change, Carbon dioxide, Global warming, Carbon sequestration.

Download Full Article

Comparison of Vicryl, Dexon and Intestinal Stapler for the Closure of Colon in Dogs
Pages 514-521

Khalid Hussain Khan, Allah Bux Kachiwal, Shahla Karim Baloch, Rameez Raja Kaleri, Amir Nawas Khan, Mujahid Ali Shah, Gulam Murtaza Mari, Mehran Ali Baloch, Nawaz Sharif, Sajid Ali Umrani and Muhammad Zeb
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2017.13.84

Published: 25 October 2017

Abstract: Eighteen healthy mongrel dogs of sexes, varying ages (16.50 ± 0.22 months) and weights (19.83 ± 0.16 kg) were used in this study. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.A total of 18 dogs (male and female) were randomly divided into three groups placing 6 animals in each i.e., group-A (Vicryl 3/0 suture material), B (Dexon 3/0 suture material) and C (stapler). Physically healthy animals were used in this study in order to achieve the required results. Xylazine (9.91 ± 0.08 mg/dog) and thiopental Sodium (198.33 ± 1.05 mg/dog) was administered intramuscularly in all groups. The anaesthetized animals were placed on the dorsal recumbancy on surgical table in order to perform surgical procedure. The caudal ventral midline incision of 5 cm was made in all dogs to exteriorized the colon. One incision of 5 cm was given on colon and bleeding was controlled by artery forceps. Colon incision was closed with Vicryl (3/0) in group-A, Dixon (3/0) in group-B and intestinal stapling materials in dogs of group-C. The peritoneum in each dog was sutured with chromic catgut by simple interrupted suture technique, the linea alba was sutured with chromic catgut by simple continuous suture technique, sub-cutaneous layer was apposed with sub-cuticular suture technique using 3/0 chromic catgut. Skin was closed with simple interrupted suture pattern using silk 2/0 suture material in dogs.The total duration of anesthesia required was 328.33 ± 1.17, 330.00 ± 1.39 and 313.83 ± 2.52 minutes for closure of colon closed with Vicryl, Dexon and Stapling material respectively. The mean number of total stitches for colon closure with Vicryl, Dexon and stapling material was 15 ±0.57. 17.00 ± 0.36 and 6.66 ± 0.21 respectively. Though the partial development of mucosal folds can be seen on day 10 of post-surgery whereas fully development except lamina epithelia on day 20. It is concluded that Vicryl suture material showed the superiority in terms of better apposition of the sutured tissues and better healing and lesser complications like minimal adhesions between sutured site and other structures applied with double layer appositional suture technique for the closure of colon in dogs. This study also reveals that all suture materials were not completely free from complications but staple technique showed quicker application and lesser number of staples was required as compare to Vicryl and Dexon suture stitches and duration..

Keywords: Comparison, Vicryl, Dexon, Intestinal stapler, colon, Dogs.

Download Full Article