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Abstract: The present study shows the bulk mineralogical composition of the Bara Formation from Lakhra anticline, near to Lakhra coalfield area of the Sindh province of Pakistan. The petrography, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractommeter were used for the detailed mineralogical investigations. Quartz, feldspars, hematite, gypsum, chlorite and goethite minerals were obtained from above methods. Quartz, feldspar and chlorite minerals indicated that the sediments were transported from igneous and metamorphic rocks and the hematite and goethite indicated the continental environment for the studied formation. Mineralogical investigation of the Bara Formation indicates that the sediments were supplied from the Igneous and metamorphic rock terrane. It can be said that the Bara formation sediments were supplied from the Igneous and metamorphic complex which is exposed in the southeastern part of the studied area. Keyword: Bulk Mineralogy, Bara Formation, Lakhra, Quartz, XRD and SEM. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Knowledge is a valuable asset as it brings success and sustainability to the organizations. Till recently, the value of an organization is determined from its financial statements. These statements are historical in nature and contain the book value of physical assets, hence do not depict the true worth of an organization. The future revenue/profit from the organization depends upon its capability to make best use of its assets. This depends on the quality of knowledge an organization possess and its capability to use that knowledge asset. Therefore, knowledge is the most important asset in an organization. However there is no financial statement or business document that shows the volume and value of knowledge present in the organization. Hence, it is critical to determine the value of knowledge to ascertain true worth of an organization. This research study attempts to present factors that influence the value of knowledge during its life cycle. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaire instrument was used to get subsequent data from 521 business managers working in various industries. The collected data was subjected to various statistical tools to evaluate the factors and their hypothesis. The twenty two factors identified initially were first analyzed for their verification and authenticity. Later each item was regrouped through the Rotated Component Matrix analysis – first order for meaningful set of factors. Based on the result of second order Rotated Component Matrix analysis, all the newly identified factors were finally grouped into two groups of factors that influences the value of knowledge. These groups were: ‘Efforts’ and ‘Business’. The integration of ‘Efforts’ and ‘Business’ factors forms the Knowledge Value Wheel (KVW) that helps in defining the “Knowledge Value Line” (KVL). The KVL depicts the value of knowledge at any given time. The KVL and KVW combines to form the “Knowledge Value Life Cycle” (KVLC). The findings will help further research in the area of knowledge management. Managers would be able to differentiate most valuable and useful knowledge asset for effective management. Need for further R&D on critical knowledge can be identified. It would also be beneficial to the investors in determining the true worth of an organization in terms of its knowledge asset. Keywords: Knowledge Management, Value of Knowledge, Knowledge Lifecycle, Knowledge Value Line, Knowledge Value Wheel, Knowledge Value Lifecycle. |
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Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate rice land suitability in Sindh, Pakistan, by designing GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) spatial model to aggregate interdisciplinary aspects including factors of soil physical and chemical properties, ground water quality, soil pH, agro-ecological zones, canal command area and temperature. A constraint map of water bodies was also utilized in this model. On the basis of these parameters, standardized raster maps were created, and then Pair-Wise Comparison Matrix (PWCM) of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was developed to calculate significant weights by means of Principal Eigen vector by Saaty’s method, with accepted Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.10. Furthermore, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) employing Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) aggregated all the suitability maps to yield rice land suitability map. Final output map of this work demonstrated 30.2% increase in area suitable for rice cultivation with an increased production of 14,716,592.17 tonnes as compared to existing rice practices in Sindh. This increase in the area and production of the potential land shows the capability of our novel model and offers an opportunity to improve cultivation by providing the much required information at local level that could benefit farmers, vision scientists and decision makers to select appropriate cropping site and agricultural planning making the best use of available data. Keywords: Suitability map, Factor, Constraint, AHP, Pair-Wise Comparison Matrix, Principal Eigen vector, MCE, Weighted Linear Combination, Overlay, Area, Production, ArcGIS, Erdas Imagine, Idrisi Selva. |
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Abstract: We have presented a mathematical model to study the evolution, growth and risk rupture of nontraumatic aneurysms contained within a cylindrical region of blood vessels. Analytical and numerical solutions are studied. Results affirmed that the intra-aneurysmal pressure and bloodstream flow account for the evolution and growth of aneurysms, and we find that an aneurysm may rupture when the ratio of the lateral membrane contraction to longitudinal membrane extension approaches one. Numerical properties of intra-aneurysmal pressure, impact fluid velocity, membrane displacement and the deformed radius with respect to the Poisson ratio, membrane thickness and extensional rigidity are studied. The importance of the findings is rested on the fact that they can be used to improve noninvasive means for predicting aneurysm rupture, and treatment and management decisions after rupture. Keywords: Elastodynamics, Filtration, Navier-Stokes, Numerical Solutions, Permeability, Poisson Ratio, Aneurysm.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: This research study examines the stochastic behaviour of stock returns in the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) using the KSE 100 index daily return data from 2011 to 2016. Methodology is based on ARCH family of models such as ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M EGARCH, EGARCH-M and TARCH/GJR GARCH. These specifications have been used to model the stochastic behaviour of stock return in the Pakistan stock exchange. The most appropriate model is selected on the basis of SIC and AIC selection criteria. Diagnostic checking includes ARCH-LM test and Ljung-Box Q-Statistics. This research study concludes that EGARCH (1, 1) specification explains the stochastic behaviour of the Pakistan stock exchange better than other models undertaken. The results of the study have well-grounded policy implications for market regulators, policy makers and investors. Keywords: Stochastic Behaviour, ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M, TARCH, EGARCH, EGARCH-M, Pakistan Stock Exchange, Volatility. |