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Abstract: Present study was conducted to investigate the levels and persistence of imidacloprid residues in wheat grains and straw of field crop samples grown from treated seed and foliar application. Objective of the study was to assess the best practices that may be used to produce safe grains and straw. Residual uptake of imidacloprid was measured after seed treatments at four dosage levels of seed. Each sample of 25g treated seed was sown in a separate 5ft2 plot. The absorption of imidacloprid residues was investigated by spraying the crops with 1ml and 5ml of 6 mgmL-1 solution of 200SL Confidor (imidacloprid). The results helped in determining the maximum allowable limits of imidacloprid application (foliar or seed treatment) on wheat, which would prevent the residues from exceeding the MRL. The quantitative determination of imidacloprid suggested that the lowest seed treatment level (i.e. 0.015g/25g seed) may be used to produce a residues-free crop. Keywords: Imidacloprid, wheat grains, wheat straw, persistence, seed treatment, foliar application. |
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Abstract:Since the first use of the term ‘Personalized Medicine’ (PM) in 1990, many research and review articles have coined this term. Nevertheless, this topic has not been widely researched about till now. The PMs are the application of genomic and molecular data for developing therapies with unprecedentedly higher efficiencies, better safety, lower ADR’s, and reduced costs of therapies. PMs are developed through molecular level knowledge of the drug targets and diseases, which leads to the promise of the right treatment for right patient at the right time. This paper gives a comprehensive view of PMs. For this purpose, this paper is divided into following sections: defining personalized medicines; the history and evolution of personalized medicines; the human genome project; drug discovery & development process; merits of personalized medicines; applications of personalized medicines; challenges on the road of personalized medicines; regulatory evolution in the generation of personalized medicines; role of US FDA in the era of personalized medicines and, conclusion. Keywords: Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, biomarkers, precision medicines, targeted medicines. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted in order to know the phosphorus requirement of wheat as affected by different levels of phosphorus (P) for obtaining 95% relative yield grown in four soil series i.e. Gishkori, Buzdar, Sultanpur and Tikken of Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The various treatment levels were consisted of 0, 5.5, 11.0, 16.5 and 22.0 mg P/kg of soil. Wheat dry matter yield remained at highest (1.1g) where P was supplemented at 22.0 mg P/kg in Gishkori and lowest (0.95g) in Tikken soil with the same P applied level. An increase in phosphorus concentration was recorded in wheat shoot with an increase in applied P level. Maximum phosphorus percentages recorded in wheat were 0.28 and 0.26 grown in Gishkori and Buzdar soil series followed by Sultanpur and Tikken with values of 0.11 and 0.10 respectively against P applied level of 22.0 mg P/kg soil. Minimum P concentration was noted in control. The phosphorus content of wheat and P levels were highly correlated with r values of 0.99. 0.99. 0.98 and 0.74 for Gishkori, Buzdar, Sultanpur and Tikken soil series respectively. Keywords: Phosphorus, Adsorption Capacity, Soil Series, Wheat. |
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Abstract: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used for seed inoculation. This study was carried out to determine the influence of seed inoculation with PGPR and different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels on the productivity and quality of fodder sorghum. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) under factorial arrangement at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during, 2014. The experiment composed of N and P levels such as 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended doses ha-1 and seed inoculation with PGPR1 (Azotobacter brasilense+Pseudomonas fluorescens) and PGPR2 (Azotobacter chroococcum+Pseudomonas flurescens) with un-inoculated seeds as control. The results revealed that application of N and P, and seed inoculation appreciably increased the productivity and quality of sorghum. Maximum green fodder yield (63.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.51 t ha-1), crude protein (11.02%) and ash contents (8.97%) were recorded with recommended dose of NP. Regarding seed inoculation maximum green fodder yield (62.40 t ha-1), dry matter yield (14.09 t ha-1), crude protein (10.59%) and ash contents (9.07%) were recorded with PGPR1. In conclusion, application of recommended dose of NP and seed inoculation with PGPR1 significantly improved the forage productivity and quality of sorghum. Keywords: PGRP, Fertilizers, Sorghum, Yield, Quality. |
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Abstract: Camel farming is increasing in Bangladesh but the nutritious value of the produced milk has not been studied in this geological location. The milk was coagulated by citric acid and the coagulated solid i.e. the casein (7%) and pure serum (14%) were obtained. Fat content was determined by extracting casein and the aqueous serum, separately with n-hexane and found 2.59% and 5.79%, respectively. The fatty acids in the fat from casein and serum were made into their methyl ester by saponification followed by esterification and analyzed by GC-FID. Palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids were predominant fatty acids found in the analyzed samples while stearic, arachidic, behenic and myristic acids were present as minor acids. Water, ash, nitrogen and lactose contents in the milk were 84%, 0.88%, 1.62% and 9.32%, respectively. The presence of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 were estimated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and found 388, 64 and 116 ppm, respectively. Keywords: Bangladesh, Camel milk, Casein, Fatty acids, Vitamins.Download Full Article |