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Abstract: Chemical synthesis of nanoparticles is thought to be an efficient and cost effective technique. Chemical synthesis of nanoparticles offers good control of morphology and particle size. ZnO nanoparticles with rod like shapes have been synthesized by using simple chemical method. Zinc acetate was used as source of Zn, ethanol was used as solvent and NaoH was used as oxidizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM, EDS and XRD. Characterization result reveal the perfect phase transformation of ZnO nanoparticles with rod like morphology. Keywords: ZnO, nano rods, chemical method, semiconductors. |
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Abstract: Agricultural extension is essentially a message delivery system organized to convey the latest findings ofagricultural research to farmers. Effective communication is therefore, the prime requirement in extension work. This study conducted during 2013 attempted to examine the role of mass media in dissemination of agricultural technology among the farmers of Jaffarabad district of Balochistan province of Pakistan. The results revealed majority of the respondents were male (80%), belonged to the age group of 31-40 years (45.35%), and with formal education of (31%). Information regarding agricultural farming revealed that three-fourth (75%) of the respondents owned personal land, medium size of farms (12.5-50.0 acres) were more common (52%). Majority (70.93%) of the respondents perceived that the sources of media used in the area are highly conventional. About two third (66.28%) of the respondents perceived that the sources of media for agricultural information was highly accessible. Relative majority of the respondents (40.70%) supposed to prefer listening to agricultural programs between 8 pm to 12.00 am; 33.72% respondents showed preference for listening to agricultural programs from 4.00 -8.00 pm. Majority (70.93%) of the respondents considered the information receiving through mass media is highly relevant in solving agriculture problems. Majority (41.86%) of the respondents reported infrastructural development due to agricultural information received through mass media and 22.09 percent found that agricultural information received through mass media was helpful in capacity building. Regarding major obstacles in receiving information, 31.40 percent respondents reported power failure, followed by high cost (24.42%), and poor signals (12.79%). Keywords: Mass Media, Agricultural Technology Transfer, and Agricultural Extension. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Technologically, all the renewable energy sources are viable and consequently suit to efforts for poverty alleviation and cleaner environment in Pakistan. They can play an important role in meeting the challenge of providing future electricity to all parts of the country. Wind energy is one of these renewable sources. Considering the geological & geomorphologic setup, geographical position and climatic cycles, Pakistan has tremendous wind potential. Pakistan has about 1000 km long coastline, which could be utilized for the installation of wind farms and wind-monitoring stations as well. Various preliminary comparative studies apparently show that the wind potential is not uniformly distributed along the coastal belt of Pakistan. The present research study is based on the analyses of the satellite images of different periods. On the bases of the result of the study, the prospective wind channels have been identified all along the coastal belt of Pakistan, which are the ideal regions to establish the wind farms for the generation of electricity on the commercial scale. Keywords: Wind Energy, Wind Channels, Satellite Images, Energy Generation, Pakistan.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Role of Tissue Specific Plantar Fascia Stretching Exercises Versus Myofascial Released Technique in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
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Abstract: Objective: The effectiveness of tissue specific stretching exercises and myofascial released technique on intensity of pain and Foot function was compared in chronic plantar fasciitis patients. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Al-Ain Poly clinic Karachi between 2012-13. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with chronic plantar fasciitis were enrolled through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into Stretching Exercise and Myofascial Release Technique groups. Intensity of pain and foot function were evaluated by Visual Analouge Scale and foot function index, respectively. Ten sessions were done for both groups. T-tests and ANCOVA test were used for statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results: The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) and foot functioning index (FFI) improved in both groups, though the decrease of intensity of pain was more in stretching exercises Group (p<0.01). Additionally, improvement in foot functioning index did not significantly differ between two groups. Conclusion: The stretching exercises can reduce pain and improve foot functioning in chronic plantar fasciitis. Keywords: Chronic plantar fasciitis, supervised stretching exercises, Myofascial released technique, Pakistan.Download Full Article |
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Abstract:Background:Izeh is one of the counties of Khuzestan province that its people suffer from scorpion sting. So according to the high prevalence of scorpion sting in this area and the lack of a reduce cases of scorpion stings, timely treatment and prevention of mortality and morbidity resulting from this phenomenon using results of the current epidemiological investigation. Methods: This cross-sectional and retrospective study has been conducted based on statistics of scorpion sting of Izeh Health Center during 2009-2011. The data including: age, sex, season and month of stings, location of event (urban or rural), location and time of the sting, the stung organ and scorpion species were collected and recorded in the official forms and transformed into the tables and graphs for presentation. The species of scorpions were recognized using Iranian scorpion key. Results: During 2009 to 2011 a total of 5804 cases of scorpion sting referred to health and medicine centers. Most cases of scorpion sting were females (55.53%). The age range was 15- 24 year olds and the highest incidence rate of scorpion sting was on August. Totally 6 species of scorpions were recognized during the current study and Androctonus crassicaudawas the most frequent spcies which caused the scorpion sting. One of the most important results of the present study was to report Compsobuthus matthienseni as the 2nd dominant scorpion sting cause and Mesobuthus eupeus as the least cause of scorpion sting in the region, in contrast to other parts of Khuzestan which this species has been reported as the most frequent cause of scorpion sting inKhuzestan province. Conclusions:Since there is a large number of cases with a history of previous scorpion stings, it appears we can reduce the incidence of this occurrence using education of preventing and control ways from this phenomenon to persons referred to treatment in the studied area and repeat those in similar regions with high range of scorpion sting. Furthermore with focuse on the educational activities in the warm seasons, when is the peak time of scorpion activity it will be more effective in reducing this phenomenon Keywords: Scorpionism prevalence, south west Iran. Download Full Article |