The Living Space of the Kazan Tatars as a Unique Phenomenon at the Turn of the 19-20 Centuries - Pages 1043-1046

Klara Khakimovna Karamova, Gulnaz Radikovna Akhmetshina and Salavat Fargatovich Usmanov

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.117

Published: 09 November 2020

Abstract: The article considers the living space of Kazan as a unique phenomenon in the history of Tatar culture. The structural consistency of all the elements that can be united in a single ensemble, organically combining a utilitarian and spiritual function are the main feature. All elements of the estate complex are considered from the perspective of a general ideological concept. The period of development of Kazan Tatars housing at the turn of the XIX - beginning of XX centuries is covered. Separate ownership with a complex of buildings for residential and household purposes is considered, this period of development of the city coincides with the replacement of classic style by various eclectic styles. Beginning in 1917, the social revolution turned the history of architecture in a different direction, so this work was decided to limit this research range. The same time frame is limited to the main fund of preserved historical documents on the history of Tatar settlements.

The nature and resources, the development of the region, the practical skills of the owner, his interests and spiritual needs, traditions in the family and in the region - these qualitative characteristics played a decisive role in the development and transformation of the living space of the Tatars. The identity of each apartment building was determined by a whole range of conditions, a new vision of the living environment in connection with the surrounding nature was established. The owner of the house sought to realize idea of the perfect arrangement of the world in his small surrounding area, as well as in rituals and rules of conduct, ways of spending time and doing activities, the way of haking care the household, where all the elements of the arrangement obeyed the plan of the apartment building, they thought carefully over and the consequence was that there was nothing accidental. Connection, unity in the awareness of nature, social principles and religious beliefs are the main feature and uniqueness of the entire national Tatar way, spirituality, mentality. Inimitable and unique national Tatar space of a residential building can be considered the material form of this association.

Keywords: Utilitarianism, spirituality, residential building, Tatar culture.

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A Development Strategy for the Revival of Tourist Hotspots following the COVID-19 Pandemic - Pages 1047-1053

Hugo Bautista, Gulnara Valeeva, Victoria Danilevich and Alfiya Zinovyeva

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.118

Published: 09 November 2020

Abstract: The ongoing Covid-19 crisis has hit many sectors and industries in the hardest possible way. Travel and tourism-related activities have not been an exception. We contend that a systemic approach can be developed and implemented in order to trace and certify individuals who do not present an epidemiological risk to other people, and also to manage their close interaction. This could lead to the certification of a large proportion of the population—millions worldwide—as not representing a risk of infection to others. It can justify the implementation of a system that can speed up the reactivation of several economic sectors and industries, protecting jobs and accelerating economic recovery in many countries. People who have been ill with Covid-19 have acquired the corresponding antibodies and, therefore, have immunity to the disease, they could travel freely, thereby helping to reactivate the economy. We will explain in this paper how a number of high-tech tools can be implemented as a crowd control system to identify those who do not represent a risk to others, either because they have acquired immunity or because they can be regarded as not carriers of a communicable disease. We devise a method based on the use of a 3D-diagram that shows the existence of an inverse relation between the number of tests performed and the number of individuals that have contracted the disease. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of a new epidemiological tourist strategy in Cuba can help to reactivate tourist activities in the country while avoiding the creation of new hotbeds of infection for Covid-19.

Keywords: Covid-19, epidemiology, Cuba smart-quarantine, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, post-epidemiological tourism.

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