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Abstract : Environmental Protection on the Example of Agricultural Lands
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Abstract: Agricultural land is the most valuable resource of today because the issue of food security in the world community now comes first. Unfortunately, the ecological condition of lands suitable for agricultural use in Ukraine and the situation in the field of their use is constantly deteriorating. The quality of land resources is declining and approaching catastrophic levels. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to explore the main aspects of legal and environmental regulation of fertile land protection and to suggest ways to improve the protection and preservation of agricultural land. The main research method is the method of analysis, thanks to which the world experience in the field of environmental protection in general and the protection of agricultural lands was comprehensively analysed. The normative-legal acts of Ukraine, which regulate the issues of land use, as well as protection and preservation of agricultural lands, were analysed. The proposed mechanisms of environmental protection on the example of agricultural lands can be used to form targeted government programs. Keywords: Soil, agricultural lands, fertile lands, pollution, environmental protection, food security. |
Abstract : From a Work to an “Open” Work: Research Experience
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Abstract: The subject of this study is the concept of “open” work, proposed by U. Eco. Based on the ideas of U. Eco, the authors interpret the “open” work in several aspects: compositional, semantic, and compositional-semantic. Compositional openness emerges in aleatoric works. The tendencies to openness are found in compositions written with the use of “non-deterministic” notation. Works that are “open” in the semantic sense have encoded meanings, the decoding of which requires the involvement of contextual meanings. Compositional-semantic openness emerges in Net Art. Cognition of the specifics of “open” works required a study of the history of the traditional “closed” work, it’s becoming and evolution in a historical perspective. The concept of “work” is investigated in conjunction with the concepts of “authorship”, “creativity”, “musical text”, “performance”, “perception”, etc. It was demonstrated that the meaning of these concepts substantially changes in the context of dynamic history and culture. In modern culture, these concepts have lost their usual shape and have substantially transformed due to rapid development of computer technology and the Internet. Keywords: Musical text, creativity, authorship, aleatory music, Net Art. |
Abstract : Efficiency of Using Cryptocurrencies as an Investment Asset
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Abstract: The study of the effectiveness of using cryptocurrencies as an investment resource was conducted on the basis of testing the hypothesis that the introduction of leading cryptocurrencies that are components of the CRIX index into the investment portfolio improves its quality (efficiency). Cryptocurrency investment opportunities are explored on the basis of statistics for July 2016-June 2019. An average annual return on investment (ROI), which is adjusted for passive income on an investment asset (PI), is used to evaluate investment performance. In this study, cryptocurrencies are compared with the following alternative investment areas: Forex market, equities (companies with the highest weights in Nasdaq 100, Euro STOXX 50), commodities, government bonds, real estate. The criteria were determined by the increase in the Sharpe ratio of the investment portfolio and its average annual return. Optimization of investment portfolios without cryptocurrencies and with them was performed on the basis of the Markowitz model. The result shows the confirmation of the hypothesis: the introduction of 3 cryptocurrencies – Bitcoin, Ripple, Litecoin – in the proportions of 2.31%, 1%, 1%, respectively, increased the Sharpe ratio of the investment portfolio by 3.29 points, and the coefficient of return by 9.42 percentage points while increasing the risk by only 0.51 percentage points. This result indicates that the quality (increase in efficiency) of the investment portfolio due to the introduction of cryptocurrencies and the ability to control the investment risk of the portfolio despite the high volatility of cryptocurrencies. This proves the investment (speculative) function of crypto-assets, which can be the basis for developing a model of accounting for crypto-assets. Keywords: Investment portfolio, Bitcoin, Markowitz Model, Sharpe ratio, risk. |
Abstract : Administrative Jurisdiction in Ukraine: Discourse Analysis
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Abstract: The development of administrative jurisdiction is extremely important for the establishment of a democratic society and the protection of human rights. The purpose of this paper was to study the system of administrative courts in Ukraine and other countries and delineate the powers of courts of different jurisdictions, as well as to study the history of the system of administrative courts in different countries and compare the experience of administrative jurisdictions in different countries. The methodological framework comprised discourse analysis as a method of qualitative research of the issues under consideration. This method involves the study of textual sources, mainly when it comes to understanding law and social laws, as well as their history. In the course of the study, the systems of construction of administrative proceedings of the leading European countries are considered, based on which the general systems of organisation of administrative jurisdiction are outlined: 1) French; 2) German; 3) the common law system; 4) different types of mixed systems. As a result of the research it was established that in general the development of administrative jurisdiction in Ukraine from the 19th century to the present has passed 5 stages and each of them was described. It is stated that the current system of administrative jurisdiction in Ukraine is quite progressive and balanced: administrative courts are a separate three-tier system, and a special procedure has been introduced for administrative cases. Keywords: Administrative law, administrative legal disputes, general judicial system, historical approach, democratic society. |
